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Upper Extremities
Kin 3350; Upper extremities
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the only bony attachment upper extremity has to the trunk and therefore transfers force from upper extremity to trunk? | Clavicle |
| What is the articulation between the scapular and the humerus? | GlenoHumeral Joint (GH Joint) |
| What are the 3 joints of the CLAVICLE? | sternoclavicular (SC) joint, acromioclavicular (AC) joint, and coracoclavicular joint |
| SC Joint: the sternal end of the clavicle lies in the ________ of the manubrium | clavicular notch |
| What is the movement of the Sternoclavicular (SC) joint? | gliding/rotational |
| What stabilizes the Sternoclavicular (SC) joint? | bony arrangement, ligaments, and the subclavius muscle |
| What are the 3 primary ligaments of the sternoclavicular joint? | Interclavicular ligament, sternoclavicular ligament, and costoclavicular ligament |
| What ligament straps down the supraspinatus muscle? | coracoacromial ligament |
| How does the acromioclavicular (AC) Joint move? | slight gliding movement when elevation and depression takes place |
| What functions as a joint capsule, totally surrounding the clavicle and the Acromion process? | Acromioclavicular ligament |
| What are the two portions of the coracoclavicular ligament? | Conoid and trapezoid |
| What is the slight movement allowed for the trapezoid of the coracoclavicular ligament? | more lateral. Opposes forward, upward, and lateral movement of clavicle |
| What is the slight movement of the conoid of the coracoclavicular ligament? | opposes backward, upward, and medial movement |
| What ligament lies beneath the anterior surface of the shoulder joint capsule and reinforce the capsule? | glenohumeral ligament |
| The capsular ligament attaches the anatomical neck to circumference of the ______ | glenoid of the scapula |
| Coracohumeral ligament passes from base of ________ to anterior aspect of humerus | coracoid process; |
| What ligament crosses the suprascapular notch, converting it to a foramen for the suprascapular nerve to pass through? | superior transverse scapular ligament |
| Which ligament crosses the great scapular notch (spino-glenoid notch) forming it as a tunnel for passage of suprascapular nerve and transverse, scapular blood vessels to infraspinatus muscle | inferior transverse scapular ligament |
| What functions to limit the superior movement of the humeral head? | Coracoacromial ligament |
| What helps deepen the glenoid fossa, adding stability to the shoulder joint? | Glenoid lip or labrum |
| What ligament crosses the intertubecular groove and hold the tendon of biceps long head in the groove? | transverse humeral ligament |
| What constitutes the entire nerve supply for upper extremities and shoulder region? | Brachial plexus |
| Ventral or anterior rami of spinal nerves ______________ form a network or plexus called the brachial plexus | C5, C6, C7, C8, T1 |
| What does the shoulder JOINT consist of? | Humerus and scapula |
| What does the shoulder GIRDLE consist of? | scapula, humerus, and clavicle |
| What are the 5 nerves that radiate down the arm from the brachial plexus? | Axillary, Radial nerve, musculocutaneous, median nerve, and ulnar nerve |
| The axillary nerve innervate what muscles? | Deltoid and teres minor (from posterior cord) |
| The radial nerve of the brachial plexus innervate what? | The posterior arm and forearm (posterior cord) |
| The musculocutaneous nerve of the brachial plexus innervate what? | the flexors in arm (from lateral cord) |
| The median nerve of the brachial plexus innervate what? | most muscles of anterior forearm and some muscles of the palm (lateral and medial cord) |
| The ulnar nerve of the brachial plexus innervate what? | The anteromedial muscles of forearm + muscles of palm (medial cord) |
| What are the Rotator Cuff Muscles? | SITS - Supraspinatus, Infraspinatus, Teres minor, Subscapularis |
| What is the primary purpose of the Rotator cuff? | To maintain joint stability |
| Where does the supraspinatus muscle originate? | Supraspinous fossa (medial |
| Where does the supraspinatus muscle insert? | Proximal facet of the greater tubercle of the humerus |
| What is the action of the supraspinatus muscle? | Shoulder abduction and stabilizer of the GH Joint |
| What muscle(s) is the synergist for the supraspinatus muscle? | Deltoid |
| What is the nerve for the supraspinatus muscle? | Suprascapular nerve |
| Where does the Infraspinatus originate? | Infraspinous fossa |
| Where does the infraspinatus muscle insert? | Middle facet of the greater tubercle of the humerus |
| What is the action(s) for the infraspinatus muscle? | external/lateral rotation and extension and GH joint stability |
| What muscle(s) are the synergists for the infraspinatus muscle? | teres minor, post deltoid (external rotation); posterior deltoid, latissimus dorsi, teres major |
| What is the nerve that innervates the infraspinatus muscle? | Suprascapular nerve |
| Where does the Teres minor originate? | upper and middle portions of the lateral border of the scapula |
| Where does the teres minor muscle insert? | distal facet of greater tubercle |
| What is the action(s) of the teres minor muscle | external rotation and extension; stabilization of the GH Joint |
| What muscle(s) is the synergists for the teres minor muscle? | infraspinatus, post deltoid (external rotation), post. deltoid; latissimus dorsi, teres major |
| What is the nerve that innervates the teres minor muscle | Axillary Nerve |
| Where does the subscapularis muscle originate? | Subscapular fossa |
| Where does the subscapularis muscle insert? | Lesser tubercle of the humerus |
| What is the action(s) of the subscapularis muscle? | Shoulder flexion; medial (internal) rotation; stabilizes GH Joint |
| What muscle(s) is the synergists for the subscapularis muscle? | teres major, pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi (medial rotation) |
| What is the nerve that innervates the subscapularis muscle | upper and lower subscapular nerve |
| The deltoid has 3 parts. Where does the anterior part of the deltoid originate? | lateral /anterior clavicle |
| The deltoid has 3 parts. Where does the middle part of the deltoid originate? | lateral acromion process |
| the deltoid has 3 parts. Where does the posterior part of the deltoid originate? | Inferior spine of scapula |
| Where does the deltoids insert? | deltoid tuberosity |
| What is the action all three heads of the deltoid do? | abduction of the shoulder and one ABDucted to horizontal position, moving beyond the horizontal position, all heads are considered ADDuctors |
| What is the action of the ANTERIOR deltoid muscle? | adduction, flexion, internal rotation of shoulder; horizontal adduction |
| What is the action for the MIDDLE deltoid muscle | abduction of shoulder |
| What is the action for the Posterior deltoid muscle | adduction, extension, external rotation of shoulder, horizontal abduction |
| What muscle(s) is the synergists for the deltoids? | supraspinatus (abduction); clavicular portion of pectoralis; biceps brachii (Flexion); latissimus dorsi, teres major (extension) |
| What nerve innervates the deltoids? | axillary |
| Where does the pectoralis minor muscle originate? | costal (rib) bones 3-5 |
| Where does the pectoralis minor muscle insert? | coracoid process |
| What is the action(s) of the pectoralis minor? | downward rotation; protraction; depression of scapular; anterior shoulder stabilizer |
| What is the reverse origin-insertion action of the pectoralis minor? | elevates ribs during inspiration when scapula is fixed |
| what muscle is the synergists for the pectoralis minor muscle? | serratus anterior (protraction, stabilizer) |
| What nerve innervates the pectoralis minor muscle? | medial pectoral (C8-T1) |
| Where does the serratus anterior muscle originate? | anterior lateral aspect of upper 9 ribs |
| Where does the serratus anterior muscle insert? | anterior surface of vertebral border of scapula |
| What is the action(s) of the serratus anterior muscle? | stabilizes scapula' rotates scapula upward and laterally; protraction, depression |
| What is the reversed origin-insertion action of the serratus anterior muscle? | elevates ribs during inspiration when scapula is fixed |
| What muscle(S) is the synergists for serratus anterior? | trapezius (lat. rotation); pectoralis minor (protraction, stabilizer) |
| What nerve innervates the serratus anterior muscle? | Long thoracic |
| Where does the subclavius muscle originate? | 1st rib at junction of costal cartilage |
| Where does the subclavius muscle originate | subclavian groove on inferior surface of clavicle, between costoclavicular conoid ligaments |
| What is the action(s) of the subclavius? | depresses clavicle;pulls it inferiorly and anteriorly; assists SC ligaments with joint stability |
| What nerve innervates the subclavian muscle? | subclavian nerve |
| Where does the levator scapulae muscle originate? | transverse process of 1st 4 cervical vertebrae |
| Where does the levator scapular muscle insert? | superior aspect of vertebral border of scapula |
| What is the action(s) of the levator scapulae? | elevation, downward rotation, retraction of scapula |
| What is the reversed origin-insertion action of the levator scapulae muscle? | if scapula is fixed, lateral flexion and slight rotation of cervical spine to same side |
| What is the nerve that innervates the levator scapulae muscle? | dorsal scapular |
| Where does the rhomboid muscle originate? | spinous process of C7-T5 |
| Where does the rhomboid muscle insert? | Vertebral border of scapula |
| What is the action(s) of the rhomboid muscle? | scapular elevation; retraction; downward rotation |
| What is the muscle that is a synergist to the rhomboids? | trapezius; levator scapulae (elevation, retraction) ; levator scapulae, pectoralis minor (downward rotation) |
| What nerve innervates the rhomboid? | dorsal scapular |
Created by:
elizabethcosio
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