Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Structures - Kin3350
Kin 3350, Ch 1, Anatomical Structures
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Tuberosity | large bump (deltoid, tibial) |
| Tubercle | smaller bump (greater and lesser tubercles of humerus) |
| Process | projection (Acromion, coracoid) |
| spine or spinous process | longer, thinner projection (scapula) |
| condyles | bony knobs at either end of a long bone (femoral) |
| epicondyles | smaller knobs above condyles (humeral) |
| fossa | smooth depression (glenoid, subscapular) |
| facet | smaller, flatter smooth surface (Vertebral, prox. humerus) |
| notch | allows passage of structures (scapular) |
| foramen | hole, also allows passage of structures (obturator, skull) |
| Hyaline/ Articular cartilage | protects ends of bones |
| Fibrous cartilage | cushions impact and maintain bone position |
| Plane Joint | flat articular surfaces, slipping or gliding movements; ex: intercarpal joints of wrist;n onaxial |
| Hinge joint | one cylindrical surface and one trough-shaped surface, angular movement in one plane; uniaxial; Ex: elbow and ankle |
| Saddle Joint | saddle like surfaces that fit together, side to side & back & forth movements; biaxial; ex: carpometacarpal joints of thumb |
| Ball-and-socket joint | one spherical head fits into round socket of other, rotational movement (multiaxial), intercarpal joints of shoulder and hip |
| Ligaments | cord, band, sheet of strong, fibrous CT that bind and unites the articular ends of the bond (joint); can facilitate of limit movement between the bones |
| Bursa | fibrous saclike structure containing fluid that protects muscles, tendons, and ligaments as they cross bony prominences and decreases friction |
| bursitis | trauma to a bursa sac causing it to be inflamed due to infection, pressure, or a direct blow to area; area must be drained by syringe or surgically removed |
| Type I - Aerobic muscle | small, last longer at lower intensity, makes energy for aerobic process with by products H2O, CO2, ATP |
| Type II- Anaerobic muscle (IIa, IIx) | larger, better for higher intensive workout and makes energy from anaerobic process; by products: ATP and Lactic Acid |
| agonist | prime mover; muscle producing the movement |
| antagonist | muscle that opposes the agonist |
| synergists | any muscle working with the prime mover |
| fixator | muscle that holds bone in place while another muscle performs; stabilizer |
| neutralizer | muscle that prevents/cancels out any unwanted movement from prime mover |
| 6 factors that contribute to strength | Cross-sectional area, length, tension, coordination, texture, specificity |
| central nervous system | brain and spinal cord |
| peripheral nervous system | 12 pairs of cranial nerves; 31 pairs of spinal nerves |
| Nervous system | most rapid means of maintaining homeostasis; receives info from internal/external environment, initiates and regulates response: Sensation - integration - response |
| Autonomic nervous system | communicates with internal organs and glands |
| Sympathetic division of autonomic nervous system | Arousing |
| Parasympathetic division of autonomic nervous system | calming |
| Somatic nervous system | communicates with sense organs and voluntary muscles |
| sensory nervous system from somatic nervous system | afferent; sensory input |
| motor nervous system from somatic nervous system | efferent; motor output |
| Purpose of myelin sheaths | provides insulation of axon; improved conduction velocity (Speed of transmission) |
| Arteries | deliver TO tissues FROM the heart |
| Veins | RETURN from tissues and go TO heart |
| Blood Vessel functions | take nutrients to muscle and remove metabolic by-products, transport from proximal to distal |
| Another word for superior | cranial |
| superior | closer to the head |
| another word for inferior | caudal |
| inferior | farther from the head |
| another word for anterior | ventral |
| anterior | toward the front of the body |
| posterior | toward the back of the body |
| another word for posterior | dorsal |
| medial | closer to the midline |
| lateral | further from the midline |
| another word for both palmar and plantar | volar |
| palmar | palm side of had |
| plantar | sole of foot |
| dorsal | back of hand/ top of foot |
| superficial | closer to the surface |
| deep | farther from the surface |
| Sagittal plane | plane that divides body left and right |
| mediolateral axis | aThe axis perpendicular to sagittal plane |
| flexion | decreasing joint angle or anteriorly directed rotations of head, trunk, upper arm, forearm, hand, and upper leg. Posteriorly directed movement of the lower leg |
| extension | increasing joint angle )(back to anatomical position) or returning from flexion |
| hyperextension | movement of joint angle beyond the anatomical position |
| plantar flexion | top foot away from tibia |
| dorsiflexion | top of foot toward the tibia |
| frontal plane | plane that divides body back and front |
| Anteroposterior axis | axis that is perpendicular to the frontal plane |
| aBduction | movement away from the midline |
| aDDuction | movement toward the midline |
| ulnar deviation | movement of hand toward ulna |
| radial deviation | movement of hand towards radius |
| elevation | upward mvoement |
| depression | downward movement |
| inversion | sole of foot inward (medially) |
| eversion | sole of foot outward (laterally) |
| transverse plane | plane that divides the body from top and bottom |
| longitudinal axis | axis that is perpendicular to the transverse plane |
| horizontal abduction | moving away from the midline respectively, in the horizontal plane |
| horizontal adduction | moving towards the midline respectively, in the horizontal plane |
| medial/internal rotation | rotation of a segment toward the midline |
| lateral/ external rotation | rotation of a segment away from the midline |
| pronation | rotation of forearm/hand towards the midline |
| supination | rotation of forearm; hand away from the midline |
| protraction | movement forward |
| retraction | movement backward |
| circumduction | distal end of limb moves in a circle while the proximal end is stable |
Created by:
elizabethcosio
Popular Anatomy sets