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History of Medicine
The History of Medicine
| Question/Term | Answer/Definiton |
|---|---|
| Andreas Vesalius | dissected human bodies and wrote a book on human anatomy |
| William Harvey | dissected hearts; correctly understood that blood circulates in one direction |
| Karl Landsteiner | mixed blood samples and found out about the four blood groups; later used for safe blood transfusions and organ transplants |
| Wilhelm Roentgen | accidentally discover x-rays in 1895 |
| Ignaz Semmelweis | discovered washing hands eliminated the spread of infections (especially child bed fever) |
| Louis Pasteur | discovered the "Germ Theory"-one microorganism causes one disease in one person; also developed some vaccines: anthrax & rabies; also began pasteurizing milk to kill bacteria |
| Edward Jenner | discovered vaccination; successfully vaccinated people for smallpox in 1796 |
| Jonas Salk | discovered the polio vaccine in 1952 |
| James Lind | found out putting citrus in diets can prevent Scurvy-vitamin C deficiency |
| Alexander Flemming | discovered penicillin in 1928 - the first bactericidal antibiotic |
| Howard Florey & Erns Chain | successfully extracted penicillin and used it to treat illnesses; essentially, they perfected the antibiotic |
| Gerhard Domagk | discovered prontosil inhibited growth of bacteria - it also prevented it; the first chemotherapeutic drug |
| Sir Frederick Grant Banting, Charles Best, & John James Rickard Macleod | extracted insulin & administered it to diabetics to reduce blood sugar levels |
| Michael Bishop & Harold Varmus | researched cancer; discovered oncogenes & discovered factors that can activate them |
| Luc Montagnier & Robert Gallo | discovered that HIV developed AIDS - a retrovirus lifelong disease |
| Sir Frederick Gowland Hopkins | discovered vitamins prevented illness; studied on mice about nutrition & diet |
| Joseph Murray | 1st successful transplant of organs; transplanted a kidney from 1dog to another which were identical twins; following this, the development of rejection drugs showed it was possible to transport organs between non-identical relatives & from dead to living |
| Marie Curie | isolated radium in 1910 |
| Gregory Mendel | established the patterns of hereditary |
| Romans | began health and sanitation systems |
| Hippocrates | the father of medicine |
| Leonardo Da Vinci | artist who used dissection to draw the human body |
| Dark Ages | emphasis was placed on saving the soul and study of medicine was prohibited |
| Clara Barton | founded the American Red Cross in 1881 |
| Egyptians | earliest people known to maintain accurate health records |
| Chinese | used acupuncture to relieve pain and congestion |
| Robert Koch | developed the culture plate method to identify pathogens |
| Florence Nightingale | founder of modern nursing |
| Joseph Lister | began using disinfectants and antiseptics during surgery |
| Gabriel Farenheit | created the first mercury thermometer |
| Rhazes | an Arab physician who began the use of animal gut for suture material |
| What did ancient people think was the cause of disease and illness? | demons and evil spirits |
| List the four things Hippocrates stressed to help the body heal itself. | 1. a good diet 2. fresh air 3. cleanliness 4. exercise |
| What is the Rod Asclepius? | a Greek symbol associated with medicine and healing |
| In the Dark Ages, what was the main method used to treat illness and disease? | prayer |
| List four diseases that shortened the lifespan of individuals in the Middle Ages. | 1. smallpox 2. diphtheria 3. tuberculosis 4. typhoid |
| Why was dissection a major advance in health care during the Renaissance? | physicians can view the organs and the connections between the systems |
| What was the significance of the invention of the microscope in 1666? | it allowed individuals to see organisms that are too small to be seen by the naked eye |
| What did apothecaries use to make many of the medications in the 17th century? | plants and herbs |
| Why was the invention of the stethoscope in 1819 important? | it allowed physicians to listen to internal body sounds |
| Elizabeth Blackwell | first female physician in the United States |
| Dorothy Dix | appointed superintendent of Female Nurses in the army. |
| Bacteriostatic | An agent that causes bacteriostasis (inhibition of growth of bacteria without destruction) |
| Bacteriocidal | destroying bacteria |
| Oncogene | A gene having the potential to cause a normal cell to become cancerous |
Created by:
kaitlyncruz
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