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anatomy4022

physiology

QuestionAnswer
Cytology Study of cell
Cytosol Intracellular fluid
Organelle "little organs" structures that preform special functions for cell
Diffusion Movement of materials from higher to lower concentration (even out)
Facilitated Diffusion Diffusion with help of a protein channel
Passive Transport No energy needed 1)Diffusion 2) Osmosis 3) Facilitated Diffusion
Active Transport Used ATP energy
Osmosis Diffusion of water to where there is more stuff (solute)
Hypotonic Water moves in Cell swells Less stuff in water
Isotonic Cell Maintains balance
Hypertonic Water moves out Cell Shrivels More stuff in water
Hemolysis Bursting red blood cells from being hypotonic
Phagocytosis Cell eating (uses/needs energy)
Exocytosis Sending materials out, exit (uses/needs energy)
Chromosomes Coiled DNA 23 pairs
Gene
Transcription DNA is copied to make mRNA
Translation Information from mRNA is used to make protein with help of tRNA
Messenger RNA [mRNA] Copies
Transfer RNA [tRNA] Moves
Somatic Cells All cells in body aside from set cells
Apoptosis Genetically programed cell death Cell suicide
Tumor A mass of swelling made by abnormal cell growth and division
Cancer Illness from effects of malignant cells
Microvilli Surface projections increase surface area for absorption
Flagellum Moves cells through fluid (sperm)
Cilia Move fluids across cell surface (lungs, nose, thought)
Ribosomes Proteins factories
Lysosomes Cleaners (janitors)
Mitochondria Energy Make ATP (power plant)
Nuclear Pores Allows movement of materials in and out (not DNA)
Cell Theory 1)Basic building blocks of all anilmals and plants 2)Smallest units of life 3)Products of cell division 4)Basic units homeostasis for the organism
Cell Membrane [Functions] -Physical isolation -Regulation exchange of materials -Sensitive: receptors allow cell to recognize and respond to specific molecules in environment -Support
Selectively Permeable Chooses what can pass through based on: -Size -Electrical Charge -Shape -Lipid Solubility
Created by: twebber