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Micro 5-1
Duke PA micro
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the medically important gram positive rods? | bacillus, corynebacterium, erysipelothrix, gardnerella bacillus |
| What is bacitracin produced from? | B. subtilis |
| What are the virulence factors in bacillus? | endospores, enterotoxins |
| What are the important species? | B. anthracis, B. cereus, B. subtilis, B. sterothermophilus |
| What is the etiological agent of anthrax? | B. anthracis |
| What are the three clinical presentations of anthrax? | cutaneous, gastroenteritis, inhalation |
| What are the two clinical presentations of B. cereus? | gastroenteritis (mediated by enterotoxins) and ocular (trauma --> rapid, progressive destructions) |
| What is the classic radiographical presentation of anthrax? | widened mediastinum |
| Corynebacterium | genus of Gram positive rods, often irregularly shaped |
| How well do corynebacterium grow on lab media? | readily |
| What is the etiologic agent of diphtheria? | C. diphtheriae |
| Where is C. diphtheriae found in normal flora? | skin, GI, GU and respiratory tracts |
| diptheroids | corynebacterium |
| What two genera are often grouped together in microbiology because both are aerobic rods with similar microscopic morphology? | erysipelothrix, listeria |
| erysipelothrix | small, thin rods that form long filaments, grows slowly in vitro, little known about its virulence factors |
| Listeria | small, paired coccobacilli |
| Out of the 3 species of erysipelothrix found in humans, which is associated with disease? | E. rhusiopathiae |
| Where is erysipelothrix colonized? | many animals, especially turkey, swine, fish |
| How do erysipelothrix infections move to humans? | zoonotic, cutaneous - butchers, farmers, vets |
| What does systemic form of erysipelothrix cause? | rare - usually endocarditis |
| Where is listeria widely found? | in animals |
| What other places can listeria be found? | soil, water, vegetation, variety of mammals, fish, fowl |
| how is human disease from listeria transmitted? | by contaminated food, vertical, zoonotic |
| Who is at risk for listeria infection? | neonates, elderly, pregnant women, cancer/transplant patients |
| What are the virulence factors of listeria? | hemolysin, listeriolysinO, ability to survive in cold temperatures |
| What are the medically important anaerobic gram positive rods? | actinomyces, clostridium, lactobacillus, mobiluncus, propionbacterium |
| Where do anaerobic medically important gram positive rods typically colonize? | skin and mucosal surfaces |
| actinomyces | filamentous morphology; resembles hypae |
| What is the most common actinomyces infection in humans? | A. israeli |
| Where do actinomyces typically colonize in humans? | upper respiratory, GI and female genital tracts |
| What does actinomyces cause? | low virulence - cause infection when mucosal barriers are disrupted, often chronic |
| Clostridium | spore formers, spores more prominent in some species than others |
| Where is clostridium ubiquitious? | soil, water, human GI tract |
| What are the four medically important clostridium infections? | C. perfringens, C. botulinum, C. tetani, C. difficile |
Created by:
ges13
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