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Apologia Human Body
Module 13
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The epiglottis and soft palate both participate in this. | deglutition |
| The ________________ closes off the larynx to prevent food from going down the wrong pipe | epiglottis |
| The ________________ seals the nasal cavity to prevent breathing | soft palate |
| Tiny projections in the small intestine that radically in increase its surface area and absorb nutrients | intestinal villi |
| The body cannot absorb vitamin B12 without __________. | intrinsic factor |
| These vitamins are produced in the body | D and K |
| Mastication | The process of chewing |
| Digestion | The breakdown of food molecules into their individual components |
| Deglutition | The act of swallowing |
| Peristalsis | The process of contraction and relaxation of circular smooth muscles which pushes food through the alimentary canal |
| Gastric juice | The acidic secretion of the stomach |
| Adventita | A thin layer of loose connective tissue that binds an organ to surrounding tissues or organs |
| Lumen | The hole in the center of a tube |
| Macronutrients | The nutrients the body needs in large amounts: carbohydrates, fats, and proteins |
| Micronutrients | The nutrients the body needs in small amounts, such as vitamins and minerals |
| Tongue | Moves food around in the mouth; provides the sense of taste |
| Salivary glands | Secrete saliva, which moistens food, allows the taste buds to function, provides lubrication for the food to travel down the alimentary canal, breaks down starch, and kills bacteria |
| Pharynx (throat) | Tube that food travels down |
| Esophagus | Tube that moves food down it |
| Stomach | Holds food, kills germs, helps break down food |
| Small intestine | Mixes and propels the food, digests the food, and absorbs the nutrients |
| Large intestine | Turns the chyme into feces and eliminates them |
| Liver | Produces bile which helps digest fats, processes nutrients that come from the intestines, engages in phagocytosis, makes chemicals, detoxifies the blood |
| Gallbladder | Stores bile |
| Anus | Controls the release of feces |
| Pancreas | Secretes pancreatic juice |
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