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Exam 1: Ch 1-4
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Anatomy | The study of the structure of the human body |
| Physiology | The study of the function of the human body |
| Homeostasis | Is the attempt to maintain a stable internal environment |
| Metabolism | Is the sum total of all the chemical processes in the human body |
| Anabolism | Is the portion of metabolism associated with taking in energy |
| Catabolism | is the portion of metabolism associated with breaking down and releasing stored energy |
| Atom | basic unit of matter |
| Molecules | are formed when two or more unstable atoms join together |
| Macromolecules | formed when small molecules combine together to form a larger molecule |
| Organelles | are specialized structures, made of macromolecules, which carry out important functions within the cell of the human body |
| Cells | are the basic units of life |
| Tissues | are the same types of cells attached/working together |
| Organs | are made of several different types of tissues/ are major supporting structures within the human body |
| Organ Systems | are groups of related organs working together |
| Organism | made up of all 11 organ systems working together |
| Integumentary System | Major Organs: skin, hair, nails, sweat glands, sebaceous glands Major Functions: protects tissues, regulates body temperature, support sensory receptors |
| Skeletal System | bones, ligaments, cartilages provides framework, protects soft tissues, provides attachments for muscles, produces blood cells, stores inorganic salts |
| Muscular System | muscles causes movement, maintains posture, produces body heat |
| Nervous System | brain, spinal cord, nerves, sense organs detects changes, receive and interpret sensory information, stimulate muscles and glands |
| Endocrine System | glands that secrete hormones (pituitary gland, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, pancreas, ovaries, tested, pineal and thymus) controls metabolic activities of body structures |
| Cardiovascular System | heart, arteries, capillaries and veins move blood through blood vessels and transports substances throughout the body |
| Anatomical Position | the term used to have a common way of visualizing the human body. standing erect, facing forward, arms fully extended and downward at the sides of the body, and with palms facing forwards. |
| Superior | meaning a part is above another part |
| Inferior | meaning a part is below another part |
| Anterior | (ventral) meaning towards the front |
| Posterior | (dorsal) meaning towards the back |
| Medial | referring to an imaginary midline dividing the body into equal left and right halves |
| Lateral | meaning towards the side, away from the midline |
| Bilateral | refers to paired structures, one on each side |
| Ipsilateral | refers to structures on the same side |
| Contralateral | refers to structures on the opposite side |
| Proximal | describes a part closer to a point of attachment to the trunk than another body part |
| Distal | the opposite of proximal. It means a particular body part is farther away from a point of attachment to the trunk. |
| Superficial | meaning near the surface |
| Deep | describes more internal parts |
| Sagittal | refers to the lengthwise cut that divides the body into right and left portions |
| Median (Midsagittal) | a sagittal section that passes through the midline and divides the body into equal parts |
| Parasagittal | a sagittal section lateral (away from) to the midline |
| Transverse | (horizontal) refers to a cut that divides the body into superior and inferior portions (top and bottom) |
| Frontal | (coronal) refers to a section that divides the body into anterior and posterior portions (front and back) |
| Abdominal | |
| Acromial | point of the shoulder |
| Antebrachial | forearm |
| Antecubital | anterior surface of the elbow |
| Axillary | armpit |
| Brachial | arm |
| Buccal | cheek |
| Carpal | wrist |
| Celiac | abdomen |
| Cephalic | head |
| Cervical | neck |
| Costal | ribs |
| Coxal | hip |
| Crural | leg |
| Cubital | elbow |
| digital | finger or toe |
| Dorsal | back |
| Femoral | thigh |
| Frontal | forehead |
| Genital | external reproductive organs |
| Gluteal | buttocks |
| Groin | depressed region of the abdominal wall near the thigh (inguinal) |
| Lumbar | region of the lower back between ribs and pelvis (loin) |
| Mammary | breast |
| Mental | Chin |
| Nasal | nose |
| Occipital | inferior posterior region of the head |
| Oral | mouth |
| Orbital | eye cavity |
| Otic | Ear |
| Palmar | palm of the hand |
| Patellar | anterior part of the knee |
| Pectoral | anterior chest |
| Pedal | foot |
| Pelvic | pelvis |
| Perineal | the inferior most region of the trunk between the thighs and the buttocks |
| Plantar | sole of the foot |
| Popliteal | area posterior to the knee |
| Sacral | posterior region between the hip bones |
| Sternal | middle of the thorax, anteriorly |
| Sural | calf of the leg |
| Tarsal | ankle |
| Umbilical | navel |
| Vertebral | spinal column |
| Abdominal | region between the thorax and pelvis |
| Ventral Body Cavity | body cavity towards the front |
| Dorsal Body Cavity | body cavity towards the back |
| Protons | |
| positively charged, locates in nucleus | |
| Electrons | negatively charged, located in the orbital path surrounding the nucleus |
| Neutrons | neutrally charged, located in nucleus |
| Carbohydrates | organic molecules composed of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms |
| Lipids | non polar molecules that are hydrophobic (water fearing) in nature. including fats, oils and waxes |
| Proteins | organic molecules composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen |
| Nucleic Acids | organic molecules that include both DNA and RNA |
| Nucleus | regulates cellular metabolism and stores the majority of DNA within a cell |
| Flagella | large whip like structures that are used to allow some cells to move independently |
| Cillia | |
| numerous small hair like structures that are involved in movement |
Created by:
rolyatstrebor
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