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AP NERVOUS SYSTEM
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is a nerve cell called? | Neuron |
| What part of the nerve cell transmits electrical impulses? | Axon |
| What branched projections of the nerve cell receive impulses and stimuli? | Dendrite |
| What is the fatty coating on a nerve cell? | Myelin Sheeth |
| What is the largest part of the brain? | Cerebrum |
| What is the record of the electrical activity of the brain? | Electrocephalogram |
| What is the softening of the brain? | Encephalomalacia |
| What is the inflammation of the meninges? | Meningitis |
| What is the inflammation of the grey matter of the spinal cord? | Poliomyelitis |
| What is the specialist in the study of dx and tx of nervous system disorders? | Neurologist |
| What is the displacement of the meninges from their normal position? | Meningocele |
| Decreased sensation | Hypoesthesia |
| Xray beam that rotates around the patient, detailing the structure at various depths | PET scan |
| PROCESS of recording the electrical impulses of the brain | Electroencephalography |
| Tumor arising from immature nerve cells | Neuroblastoma |
| Paralysis of either the right of left half of the body | Hemiplegia |
| Paralysis of all 4 limbs | Quadriplegia |
| Lack of a myelin sheath | Demyelination |
| No speech | Aphonia |
| Cereb | Cerebrum |
| Encephal | Brain |
| Hydr | Water |
| Mening | Meninges |
| Myel | Spinal cord |
| Radicul | Nerve root |
| My | muscle |
| Tom | to cut |
| electr | electrical |
| blast | immature cell |
| myelin | myelin sheath |
| de | lack of |
| polio | grey |
| hemi | half |
| tomy | incision into |
| malacia | softening |
| cele | swelling/ herniation |
| esthesia | feeling/ sensation |
| oma | tumor |
| kinesia | movement |
| phasia | speech |
| plegia | pain |
| ion | action/ process |
| ACH | acetylcholine |
| als | amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (Lou Gehrig's Disease) |
| ans | autonomic nervous system |
| cns | central nervous system |
| cp | cerebral palsy |
| csf | cerebrospinal fluid |
| cva | cerebrovascular accident/ stroke |
| dsm | diagnostic & statistical manual of mental disorders |
| eeg | electroencephalogram |
| em | emmetropia |
| icp | intracranial pressure |
| LP | lumbar puncture/ spinal tap |
| MAO | monoamine oxidase |
| MRI | magnetic resonance imaging |
| MS | multiple sclerosis |
| NE | norepinephrine |
| PET | positron emission tomography |
| PNS | peripheral nervous system |
| TIA | transient ischemic attack |
| Syncope | fainting |
| sciatica | inflammation of the sciatic nerve |
| paraesthesia | numbness |
| palliative | soothing |
| occlusion | blockage |
| neuritis | inflammation of a nerve |
| The web-like middle layer of the meninges | arachnoid |
| stem like portion of the brain that connects the cerebral hemispheres with the spinal cord | brain stem |
| responsible for coordinating voluntary muscular movement | cerebellum |
| controls consciousness, memory, sensations | cerebrum |
| Located between the cerebrum and the midbrain (consists of the thalamus, hypothalamus, and the pineal gland) | diecephalon |
| Outermost layer of the meninges | dura mater |
| Contains the cardiac, vasomotor, and respiratory centers of the brain | medulla oblongata |
| controls body temperature, sleep and appetite | hypothalamus |
| acts as a bridge to connect the medulla oblongata and the cerebellum to the upper portions of the brain | pons |
| a small hollow within the brain that is filled with cerebrospinal fluid | ventricle |
| A noninvasive scanning procedure that provides a computer projected image of fluid, soft tissue, or bony structures | MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) |
| Insertion of a hollow needle and stylet into the subarachnoid space by the 3rd and 4th lumbar | Lumbar puncture |
| A 3 dimensional view of brain tissue obtained as Xray beams pass through successive horizontal layers of the brain | CT scan |
| A positive finding in an adult represents upper motor neuron disease of the pyramidal tract | Babinski's reflex |
| An evaluation of cerebellar function and balance | Romburg's Test |
| Surgical removal of part of the vertebra | Lamenectomy |
| Deterioration of a person's intellectual functioning which is progressive and extremely dibilatating | Alzheimer's disease |
| A severe weakening and wasting of the involved muscle groups | Amyotropic lateral sclerosis (ALS) |
| An absence of the brain and spinal cord at birth | anencephaly |
| A temporary or permanent unilateral weakness or paralysis of the muscles in the face following trauma, an unknown infection, or a tumor pressing on the facial nerve rendering it paralyzed | Bell's palsy |
| A localized accumulation of pus located anywhere in the brain | brain abscess |
| A pinching or compression of the median nerve within the carpal tunnel due to inflammation | carpal tunnel syndrome |
| A brief interruption of brain function usually with a loss of consciousness lasting for a few seconds | cerebral concussion |
| A small scattered venous hemorrhage in the brain occurring when the brain strikes the inner skull | cerebral contusion |
| A collective term used to describe congential (at birth) brain damage that is permanent but not progressive | Cerebral palsy |
| Involved death of a specific portion of the brain tissue, resulting from a decrease of blood flow to that area of the brain (stroke) | Cerebrovascular accident CVA |
| The deterioration of the intervertebral disk, usually due to constant motion | degenerative disk |
| The inflammation of the brain largely caused by a virus that enters the CNS when the person experiences a viral disease such as measles or mumps | encephalitis |
| A syndrome of recurring episodes of excessive irregular electrical activity of the brain resulting in seizures | epilepsy |
| An epileptic seizure characterized by a sudden loss of consciousness and involuntary muscle contraction | grand mal seizure |
| a small seizure which there is temporary but sudden loss of consciousness | petit mal seizure |
| An acutre polyneuritis of the PNS in which the myelin sheaths on the axons are destroyed resulting in decreased nerve impulses which usually follows a viral gastrointestinal or respiratory infection | Gullian-Barre syndrome |
| Headache | cephalgia |
| A collection of blood above the dura mater | Epidural hematoma |
| A collection of blood below the dura mater | Subdural hematoma |
| Inherited neurological disease characterized by rapid jerky involuntary movements and increasing dementia due to the effects of the basal ganglia on the neurons | Huntington's disease |
| An abnormal increase of cerebrospinal fluid CSF in the brain that causes the ventricles of the brain to dialate | hydocephalus |
| Occur in any structural region of the brain, malignant or benign | intracranial tumors |
| Arise from the gliomas, malignant glial cells that are a support for a nerve tissue and from tumors that arise from the meninges | primary intracranial tumors |
| A serious bacterial infection of the meninges | meningitis |
| A degenerative inflammatory disease of the CNS attacking the myelin sheath in the spinal cord and brain leaving it sclerosed or scarred and interrupting nerve impulses | multiple sclerosis (MS) |
| A chronic progressive neuromusclar disorder causing severe skeletal muscle weakness and fatigue | myasthenia gravis |
| A rare syndrome of uncontrolled sudden attacks of sleep | narcolepsy |
| A highlight malignant tumor of the sympathetic nervous system | neuroblastoma |
| A degenerative, slowly progressive deterioration of nerves in the brain stem's motor system characterized by gradual onset usually presenting with a stooped posture | Parkinson's disease |
| A broken segment of the skull bone thrust into the brain as a result of direct force | depressed skull fracture |
| A congenital defect of the CNS which the back portion of one or more vertebrae is not closed normally and a cyst protrudes | spina bifida cystica |
| A cystlike sac covered with skin or a thin membrane protruding through the bony defect | meningocele |
| A congential disorder caused by altered lipid metabolism resulting from an enzyme deficiency | Tay-Sachs disease |
| Short periods of severe unilateral pain which radiates along the 5th cranial nerve | trigeminal neuralgia |
| How many pairs of cranial nerves are there? | 12 |
| How many pairs of spinal nerves are there? | 31 |
| What are the two main divisions of the nervous system? | Central nervous system & the peripheral nervous system |
| Which contains the brain and spinal cord? | central nervous system |
| Which contains all nerves that connect the CNS to every organ and body area? | peripheral nervous system |
| What are the two divisions of the autonomic nervous system | sympathetic and parasympathetic |
| Which system speeds things up? (except the digestive tract) | sympathetic |
| Which system slows things down and regulates? | parasympathetic |
| What is the largest part of the brain? | cerebrum |
| What relays impulses to and from the brain? | thalamus |
| What is connected to the pituitary gland, midbrain, and thalamus? | hypothalamus |
| What are the 3 layers of the meninges | pia mater, arachnoid and dura mater |
| What is the innermost layer of the meninges | pia mater |
| What is the middle layer of the meninges | arachnoid |
| What is the outer layer of the meninges | dura mater |
| Any change in the environment | stimulus |
| This received stimuli | receptor |
| The reaction to stimuli | response |
Created by:
Megpalace
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