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bio ch. 3&4
test prep
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| 3 main parts of eukaryotic cell | nuclues, cell membrane, cell wall |
| Goblet Cells | produce mucos |
| Cillia | moves mucos |
| goblet cells | found on the psedostarfied columnar epithlieum |
| cillia | found on the psedostarfied columnar epithlieum |
| How are epithelia named? | by the cell layers and arrangement of cells |
| Cell layers of epithelia | transtional, coulmanr, cubodial, squamous |
| Arrangemtn of layers of epithelia | simple layer (single); straified layer (many) |
| Cytokinesis | happens after mitosis |
| Keratin | a tough, fibrous protein that helps protect the skin and underlying tissues from heat, microbes and chemicals |
| epithelial tissue or epithelium | constis of cells arranged in continous sheets in either single or multiple layers |
| perichondrium | a covering of dense irregular connective tissue that surrounds the surface of most catilage |
| Pseudostrafied Columnar Epithelium | sercreation and movement of mucus by cillary action |
| Pseudostrafied Columnar Epithelium are found in | the nose and respiaroty track |
| Hydaline Cartilage | provides smooth surfaces for movement at joints; as well as flexibity and support |
| Hydaline Cartilage is found in | nose, ribs, trachea, and the end of long bones |
| Endocrine glands | secrete hormones |
| excorine glands | secrete materials into ducts or directly onto an apical surface |
| All glands fall into two catergories... | endocrine glands, excorine glands |
| Membranes | thin sheets of flexible tissue that line or cover parts of thebody |
| synovial membranes | contain only connective tissues and line the cavities of synovial joints |
| mucous membranes | line body cavities open to the outside |
| phagocytosis | allows cells to "eat" large paricles |
| proteasomes | break down worn out or unneeded proteins |
| active transport | the movement of substances across cell membranes against a concentration gradient requring the expenditure of cellular energy (ATP) |
| simple diffusion | passive movement of a substane down its concertation gradient through the lipid bilayer of the plasma membrane without the help of membrane transport proteins |
| secondary transport | coupled active transport of two substacnes across the membrane using energy supplied by a Na+ or H+ concertation gradient maintined by primary active transport pumps |
| primary active transport | active process in which a substance is moved across the membrane against its concentration gradient by pumps (carriers) that use energy supplied by hydrolysis of ATP |
| facilitated diffusion | passive movement of a substance down its concentration gradient through the lipid bilayer by transmembrane proteins that fundtion as channels or carriers |
| endocytosis | the uptake into a cell of large molecules and particles in which a segement of plasma membrane surrounds the substance, encloses it and brings it in |
| visceral layer | attaches to the organs themselves |
| parital layer | attaches to the body wall around the organ |
| phagocytosis | "cell eating"; movement of a solid particle into a cell after pseudopods engulf it to form a phagosome |
| selective permeability | plasma membrane permit some substances to pass more readily than others |
| elastic tissue | chondrocytes are located amoung a threadlike network of elastic fibers witihin the extracellular matrix |
| serous membrane or serosa | lines a body cavity that does not open directly to the exterior and it covers the organs that lie within the cavity |
| cutaneous membrane or skin | covers the surface of the body and consits of a superifical portion |
| synovial membranes | lines the cavities of freely movable joints |
| mucous membranes or mucosa | lines a body cavity that opens directly to teh exterior |
| epithelial membrane | combination of an epithelial layer and an underlying connective tisssue layer |
| membranes | flat sheets of pilable tissue that cover or line a part of the body |
| stem cells | immature, undifferentiated cells |
| epithelial tissue | covers body surfaces and lines hollow organs, body cavities and ducts |
| connective tissue | protects and supports the body and its organs |
| muscle tissue | generates the physical force needed to make budy strcutures move and generates body heat |
| nervous tissue | detects changes in a variety of conditions inside and outside the body and responds by generating nerve impulses that activate muscular contractions and glandular secerations |
Created by:
Courtneey
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