Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Condition & Feature
Conditions and Features
| Condition | Features |
|---|---|
| Congenital midline cystic neck mass | thyroglossal duct cyst |
| Neck mass in the submental area | Dermoid cysts |
| soft fluid filled mass at the base of the neck | Cystic hygroma: congenital malformation of the lymphatic tissue |
| Neck mass, laterally located along the anterior edge of the Sternocleidomastoid | Brachial cleft cysts |
| Addison’s Disease | Primary adrenocortical deficiency |
| Addisonian Anemia | Pernicious anemia (antibodies to intrinsic factor or parietal cells IF Vit B12 megaloblastic anemia) |
| Albright’s Syndrome | Polyostotic fibrous dysplasia, precocious puberty, café au lait spots, short stature, young girls |
| Alport’s Syndrome | Hereditary nephritis with nerve deafness |
| Alzheimer’s | Progressive dementia |
| Argyll-Robertson Pupil | Loss of light reflex constriction (contralateral or bilateral); “Prostitute’s Eye” – accommodates but does not react; Syphilis; Lesion pretectal region of superior colliculus |
| Arnold-Chiari Malformation | Cerebellar tonsil herniation through foramen magnum = see thoracolumbar meningomyelocele |
| Barrett’s | Columnar metaplasia of lower esophagus (* risk of adenocarcinoma)- constant gastroesophageal reflux |
| Bartter’s Syndrome | Hyperreninemia |
| Becker’s Muscular Dystrophy | Similar to Duchenne, but less severe (mutation, not a deficiency, in dystrophin protein) |
| Bell’s Palsy | CNVII palsy (entire face; recall that UMN lesion only affects lower face) |
| Berger’s Disease | IgA nephropathy causing hematuria in kids, usually following infection |
| Bernard-Soulier Disease | Defect in platelet adhesion (abnormally large platelets & lack of platelet-surface glycoprotein) |
| Berry Aneurysm | Circle of Willis (subarachnoid bleed) Anterior Communicating artery; Often associated with ADPKD |
| Bowen’s Disease | Carcinoma in situ on shaft of penis (* risk of visceral ca) [compare w/ Queyrat] |
| Brill-Zinsser Disease | Recurrences of rickettsia prowazaki up to 50 yrs later |
| Briquet’s Syndrome | Somatization disorder; Psychological: multiple physical complaints without physical pathology |
| Broca’s Aphasia | Motor Aphasia (area 44 & 45) intact comprehension |
| Brown-Sequard | Hemisection of cord (contralateral loss of pain & temp / ipsilateral loss of fine touch, UMN / ipsi loss of consc. Proprio) |
| Bruton’s Disease | X-linked agammaglobinemia ( B cells) |
| Budd-Chiari | Post-hepatic venous thrombosis = ab pain; hepatomegaly; ascites; portal HTN; liver failure |
| Buerger’s Disease | Acute inflammation of medium and small arteries of extremities * painful ischemia * gangrene ; Seen almost exclusively in young and middle-aged men who smoke. |
| Burkitt’s Lymphoma | Small noncleaved cell lymphoma (EBV); 8:14 translocation; Seen commonly in jaws, abdomen, retroperitoneal soft tissues; Starry sky appearance |
| Caisson Disease | Nitric gas emboli |
| Chagas’ Disease | Trypansoma infection - cardiomegaly with apical atrophy, achlasia |
| Chediak-Higashi Disease | (AR) Phagocyte Deficiency = defect in microtubule polymerization; Neutropenia, albinism, cranial & peripheral neuropathy & repeated infections w/ strep & staph |
| Conn’s Syndrome | Primary Aldosteronism: HTN; retain Na+ & H2O; hypokalemia (causing alkalosis); renin |
| Cori’s Disease | Type III Glycogenosis – Glycogen storage disease (debranching enz: amylo 1,6 glucosidase def. Glycogen) |
| Creutzfeldt-Jakob | Prion infection * cerebellar & cerebral degeneration |
| Crigler-Najjar Syndrome | Congenital hyperbilirubinemia (unconjugated); Glucuronyl transferase deficiency. Can progress to Kernicterus; Less severe form will respond to Phenobarbital therapy |
| Crohn’s | IBD; ileocecum, transmural, skip lesions, cobblestones, (UC: limited to colon, mucosa & submucosa, crypt abscesses, pseudopolyps, * colon ca risk); Clinic: ab pain & diarrhea; fever; malab.; fistula b/t intestinal loops & abd structures |
| Curling’s Ulcer | Acute gastric ulcer associated with severe burns |
| Cushing’s Disease | Hypercorticism 2* to * ACTH from pituitary (basophilic adenoma); Syndrome: hypercorticism of all other causes (1* adrenal or ectopic); moon face; buffalo hump; purple striae; hirsutism; HTN; hyperglycemia |
| Cushing’s Ulcer | Acute gastric ulcer associated with CNS trauma |
| de Quervain’s Thyroiditis | Self-limiting focal destruction (subacute thyroiditis) |
| DiGeorge’s Syndrome | Failure of 3rd & 4th pharyngeal pouches formation: Thymus & Parathyroid; Thymic hypoplasia * T-cell deficiency; Hypoparathyroidism Tetany |
| Dressler’s Syndrome | Post-MI Fibrinous Pericarditis (autoimmune) |
| Dubin-Johnson Syndrome | Congenital hyperbilirubinemia (conjugated) = bilirubin transposrt is defective not conjugation; Striking brown-to-black discoloration of the liver |
| Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy | Deficiency of dystrophin protein * MD (X-linked recessive) |
| Edwards’ Syndrome | Trisomy 18; Rocker-bottom feet, low ears, small lower jaw, heart disease |
| Ehler’s-Danlos | Defective collagen |
| Eisenmenger’s Complex | Late cyanotic shunt (RL) pulmonary HTN & RVH 2 to long-standing VSD, ASD, or PDA |
| Erb-Duchenne Palsy | Trauma to superior trunk of brachial plexus Waiter’s Tip |
| Ewing Sarcoma | Malignant undifferentiated round cell tumor of bone in boys <15yoa - t11;22 |
| Eyrthroplasia of Queyrat | Carcinoma in situ on glans penis |
| Fanconi’s Syndrome | Impaired proximal tubular reabsorption 2* to lead poisoning or Tetracycline (glycosuria, hyperphosphaturia, aminoaciduria, systemic acidosis) |
| Felty’s Syndrome | Rheumatoid arthritis, neutropenia, splenomegaly |
| Gardner’s Syndrome | AD = adenomatous polyps of colon, osteomas & soft tissue tumors |
| Gaucher’s Disease | Lysosomal Storage Disease (glucocerebrosidase deficiency – glucocerebroside accumulation); Hepatosplenomegaly, femoral head & long bone erosion, anemia |
| Gilbert’s Syndrome | Benign congenital hyperbilirubinemia (unconjugated) = d glucuronyl transferase activity |
| Glanzmann’s Thrombasthenia | Defective glycoproteins on platelets = deficient platelet aggregation |
| Goodpasture’s | Autoimmune: ab’s to glomerular & alveolar basement membranes. Seen in men in their 20’s |
| Grave’s Disease | Autoimmune hyperthyroidism (TSI): IgG Ab reactive w/ TSH receptors. Low TSH & TRH – High T3 / T4 |
| Guillain-Barre | Polyneuritis following viral infection/ autoimmune (ascending muscle weakness & paralysis; usually self-limiting) |
| Hamman-Rich Syndrome | Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Can see honey comb lung. |
| Hand-Schuller-Christian | Chronic progressive histiocytosis |
| Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis | Autoimmune hypothyroidism. May have transient hyperthyroidism. Low T3 /T4 & High TSH |
| Hashitoxicosis | Initial hyperthyroidism in Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis that precedes hypothyroidism |
| Henoch-Schonlein purpura | Hypersensivity vasculitis = allergic purpura. Lesions have the same age.; Hemmorhagic urticaria (with fever, arthralgias, GI & renal involvement); Associated with upper respiratory infections |
| Hirschprung’s Disease | Aganglionic megacolon |
| Horner’s Syndrome | Ptosis, miosis, anhidrosis (lesion of cervical sympathetic nerves often 2* to a Pancoast tumor) |
| Huntington’s (Chromosome 4) | AD: Progressive degeneration of caudate nucleus, putamen (striatum) & frontal cortex GABA |
| Jacksonian Seizures | Epileptic events originating in the primary motor cortex (area 4) |
| Job’s Syndrome | Immune deficiency: neutrophils fail to respond to chemotactic stimuli ; Defective neutrophilic chemotactic response = repeated infections; Commonly seen in light-skinned, red-haired girls; ’d IgE levels |
| Kaposi Sarcoma | Malignant vascular tumor (HHV8 in homosexual men) |
| Kartagener’s Syndrome | Immotile cilia 2 to defective dynein arms (infection, situs inversus, sterility) |
| Kawasaki Disease | Mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome in kids (acute necrotizing vasculitis of lips, oral mucosa) |
| Klinefelter’s Syndrome | 47, XXY: Long arms, Sterile, Hypogonadism |
| Kluver-Bucy | Bilateral lesions of amygdala (hypersexuality; oral behavior) |
| Krukenberg Tumor | Adenocarcinoma with signet-ring cells (typically originating from the stomach) metastases to the ovaries |
| Laennec’s Cirrhosis | Alcoholic cirrhosis |
| Lesch-Nyhan | HGPRT deficiency; Gout, retardation, self-mutilation |
| Letterer-Siwe | Acute disseminated Langerhans’ cell histiocytosis |
| Libman-Sacks | Endocarditis with small vegetations on valve leaflets; Associated with SLE |
| Lou Gehrig’s | Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis degeneration of upper & lower motor neurons |
| Mallory-Weis Syndrome | Bleeding from esophagogastric lacerations 2* to wretching (alcoholics) |
| Marfan’s | Connective tissue defect: defective Fibrillin gene (Dissecting aortic aneurysm, subluxation of lenses) |
| McArdle’s Disease | Type V Glycogenosis - Glycogen storage disease (muscle phosphorylase deficiency = Glycogen) |
| Meckel’s Diverticulum | Rule of 2’s: 2 inches long, 2 feet from the ileocecum, in 2% of the population; Embryonic duct origin; may have ectopic tissue: gastric/pancreatic (remnant of vitteline duct/yolk stalk) |
| Meig’s Syndrome | Triad: ovarian fibroma, ascites, hydrothorax – associated w/ fibroma of ovaries |
| Menetrier’s Disease | Giant hypertrophic gastritis (enlarged rugae; plasma protein loss) |
| Monckeberg’s Arteriosclerosis | Calcification of the media (usually radial & ulnar aa.) |
| Munchausen Syndrome | Factitious disorder (consciously creates symptoms, but doesn’t know why) |
| Nelson’s Syndrome | 1* Adrenal Cushings * surgical removal of adrenals * loss of negative feedback to pituitary * Pituitary Adenoma |
| Niemann-Pick | Lysosomal Storage Disease (sphingomyelinase deficiency – sphingomyelin accumulation); “Foamy histiocytes” |
| Osler-Weber-Rendu Syndrome | Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia. Seen in the Mormon’s of Utah. |
| Paget’s Disease | Abnormal bone architecture (thickened, numerous fractures * pain) |
| Pancoast Tumor | Bronchogenic tumor with superior sulcus involvement * Horner’s Syndrome |
| Parkinson’s | Dopamine depletion in nigrostriatal tracts |
| Peutz-Jegher’s Syndrome (AD) | Melanin pigmentation of lips, mouth, hand, genitalia + hamartomatous polyps of small intestine |
| Peyronie’s Disease | Subcutaneous fibrosis of dorsum of penis |
| Plummer’s Syndrome | Hyperthyroidism, nodular goiter, absence of eye signs (Plummer’s = Grave’s - eye signs) |
| Plummer-Vinson | Esophageal webs & iron-deficiency anemia, spoon-shaped nails, SCCA of esophagus |
| Pompe’s Disease | Type II Glycogenosis – Glycogen storage disease * cardiomegaly ( 1,4 Glucosidase deficiency: Glycogen) |
| Pott’s Disease | Tuberculous osteomyelitis of the vertebrae |
| Potter’s Complex | Renal agenesis * oligohydramnios * hypoplastic lungs, defects in extremities |
| Reiter’s Syndrome | Urethritis, conjunctivitis, arthritis non-infectious (but often follows infections), HLA-B27, polyarticular |
| Reye’s Syndrome | Microvesicular fatty liver change & encephalopathy; 2* to aspirin ingestion in children following viral illness, especially VZV |
| Riedel’s Thyroiditis | Idiopathic fibrous replacement of thyroid |
| Rotor Syndrome | Congenital hyperbilirubinemia (conjugated); Similar to Dubin-Johnson, but no discoloration of the liver |
| Sezary Syndrome | Leukemic form of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (mycosis fungoides) |
| Shaver’s Disease | Aluminum inhalation lung fibrosis |
| Sheehan’s Syndrome | Postpartum pituitary necrosis = hemorrhage & shock usually occurred during delivery |
| Shy-Drager | Parkinsonism with autonomic dysfunction & orthostatic hypotension |
| Simmond’s Disease | Pituitary cachexia – can occur from either pituitary tumors or Sheehan’s |
| Sipple’s Syndrome | MEN type IIa = pheochromocytoma, thyroid medullary CA, hyperparathyroidism |
| Sjogren’s Syndrome | Triad: dry eyes, dry mouth, arthritis risk of B-cell lymphoma |
| Spitz Nevus | Juvenile melanoma (always benign) |
| Stein-Leventhal | Polycystic ovary: see amenorrhea; infertility; obesity; hirsutism = LH secretion |
| Stevens-Johnson Syndrome | Erythema multiforme, fever, malaise, mucosal ulceration (often 2 to infection = mycoplasma or sulfa drugs) |
| Still’s Disease | Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (absence of rheumatoid factor) |
| Takayasu’s arteritis | Aortic arch syndrome; Loss of carotid, radial or ulnar pulses = pulseless disease. Night sweats.; Common in young Asian females |
| Tay-Sachs (AR) | Gangliosidosis (hexosaminidase A deficiency * GM2 ganglioside) Cherry Red Spots of the Macula |
| Tetralogy of Fallot | 1.VSD, 2.overriding aorta, 3.pulmonary artery stenosis, 4.right ventricular hypertrophy |
| Tourette’s Syndrome | Involuntary actions, both motor and vocal Txt w/ Pimozide |
| Turcot’s Syndrome | Colon adenomatous polyps plus CNS tumors |
| Turner’s Syndrome | 45, XO = most common cause of Primary Amenorrhea. No Barr body on buccal smear. |
| Vincent’s Infection | “Trench mouth” – acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis due to Fusobacterium |
| Von Gierke’s Disease | Type I Glycogenosis – Glycogen storage disease (G6Ptase deficiency) – Glycogen accumulaiton |
| Von Hippel-Lindau | Hemangioma (or hemangioblastoma) = cerebellum, brain stem, & retina; Adenomas of the viscera, especially Renal Cell Carcinoma; Chromosome 3p |
| Von Recklinghausen’s | Neurofibromatosis & café au lait spots & Lisch nodules (Chromosome 17) |
| Von Recklinghausen’s Disease of Bone | Osteitis fibrosa cystica (“brown tumor”) 2* to hyperparathyroidism = osteoclastic resorption w/fibrous replacement |
| Von Willebrand’s Disease (AD) | Defect in platelet adhesion 2* to deficiency in vWF. aPPT, Bleed time |
| Waldenstrom’s macroglobinemia | Proliferation of IgM-producing lymphoid cells in men 50-70 yoa; PAS(+) Dutcher bodies |
| Wallenberg’s Syndrome | Posterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery (PICA) thrombosis “Medullary Syndrome”; Ipsilateral: ataxia, facial pain & temp; Contralateral: body pain & temp |
| Waterhouse-Friderichsen | Adrenal insufficiency 2* to DIC; DIC 2* to meningiococcemia |
| Weber’s Syndrome | Paramedian Infarct of Midbrain; Ipsilateral: mydriasis; Contralateral: UMN paralysis (lower face & body) |
| Wegener’s Granulomatosis | Necrotizing granulomatous vasculitis of paranasal sinuses, lungs, kidneys, etc. |
| Weil’s Disease | Icteric Leptospirosis non-icteric prgresses to renal failure & myocarditis; Dark field microscopy for dx |
| Wermer’s Syndrome | MEN type I = thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal cortex, pancreatic islets, pituitary |
| Wernicke’s Aphasia | Sensory Aphasia impaired comprehension |
| Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome | Thiamine deficiency in alcoholics; bilateral mamillary bodies (mediodorsal nucleua) (confusion, ataxia, ophthalmoplegia) |
| Whipple’s Disease | Malabsorption syndrome (with bacteria-laden macrophages) & polyarthritis |
| Wilson’s Disease | Hepatolenticular degeneration (copper accumulation [Txt w/ Penicillamine ] & decrease in ceruloplasmin); Mallory Bodies in the Liver & also w/ alcoholic hepatitis & Hyaline change ; Chromosome 13 |
| Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome | Immunodeficiency: combined B- &T-cell deficiency (thrombocytopenia & eczema); IgM w/ IgA |
| Wolff-Chaikoff Effect | High iodine level (*)’s thyroid hormone synthesis |
| Zenker’s Diverticulum | Esophageal; cricopharyngeal muscles above UES |
| Zollinger-Ellison | Gastrin-secreting tumor of pancreas (or intestine) * * acid * recurrent ulcers |
| Roger’s Disease | Interventricular septal defect |
| Barlow’s Syndrome | Floppy vale syndrome – women b/t 20-40 yoa |
| Bracht-Wachter Lesions | Minute abscesses found in subacute bacterial endocarditis |
| Lutembacher’s Syndrome | Combination of septum secundum atrial septal defect w/ mitral stenosis |
| Schmidt’s Syndrome | Autoimmnue thyroid Disease (Hashimoto’s ) & insulin-dependent diabetes |
Created by:
Bijan39
Popular Medical sets