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1VCOM Nutr. Micronut
Micronutrients from online modules
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Fat soluble vitamins | The fat-soluble vitamins are A, D, E, and K. |
| Micelles relation to fat-soluble vitamins | Fat-soluble vitamins are absorbed with micelles. |
| Which vitamin is not stored extensively in body? | Vit. K |
| Vitamin A is needed for? | Vitamin A is needed for vision, immune function, and growth |
| Vitamin A is consumed as what form? | in the diet as retinol or pro-vitamin A carotenoids. |
| Vitamin D is needed for? | Vitamin D is needed for growth regulation, calcium absorption, bone health, and immune function |
| what does vitamin D come from | It is consumed with fish or fortified foods, and produced in sun-exposed skin. |
| What is Vitamin E? | Vitamin E is an antioxidant |
| Where does vitamin E come from? | consumed with fatty foods, mainly those containing seed oils, or supplements. |
| Vitamin K is needed for what? | Vitamin K is needed for bone and vascular health. |
| Vitamin K comes from what? | It is consumed mainly with cooked dark-green vegetables. |
| Name the water soluble vitamins | Thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin B6, pantothenate, biotin, Vit B6, B12, folate, Pyridoxal-5-phosphate |
| What are B vitamins critical for? | Many of the B vitamins are critical cofactors for normal fuel metabolism. |
| What vitamins are essential fro normal fuel metabolism? | Thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin B6, pantothenate, and biotin are essential for normal fuel metabolism. |
| What are Vitamin Cs roles in the body? | Vitamin C is both an antioxidant and an enzyme cofactor; it regenerates vitamin E. |
| what does Folate do in the body? | Folate is involved in DNA synthesis and one-carbon transfers (amino acid metabolism and choline, serotonin, and epinephrine synthesis). |
| What does vitamin B6 do in the body? | Vitamin B6 is required for transamination of amino acids and glycogen storage. |
| Pyridoxal-5-phosphate is important for what? | Many enzymes- Pyridoxal-5-phosphate is a cofactor for many enzymes. |
| What is Vit. B12 role in the body? | Vitamin B12 is a cofactor for methionine synthase and L-methylmalonyl coA. |
| Name ten minerals | calcium, magnesium, phosphate, iron, copper, zinc, iodine, selenium, molybdenum, chromium |
| Where are most minerals stored most extensively? And what minerals do these include? | Most minerals and trace elements are stored extensively, some in bone (calcium, magnesium, phosphate), and some as part of metalloproteins (iron, copper, zinc, iodine, selenium, molybdenum). |
| Effects of iron, copper, and selenium excess intake | Iron, copper, and selenium are potentially toxic when long-term intakes even moderately exceed needs; |
| Why must caution be used with supplements | Excess can be toxic |
| What is choline in the body good for? (organ level) | Choline is an important nutrient thought to support early brain development and possibly protect against cancer. |
| What is a precursor for phospholipids and neurotransmitters | choline |
| What is a good source of choline | Eggs are a rich source of choline. |
| When is choline an essential nutrient? | Choline becomes an essential nutrient during periods of high demand (during pregnancy and the first year of life). |
| What are carotenoids? | Carotenoids, found in colorful fruits and vegetables, have diverse antioxidant functions |
| Folate rich foods | folate-rich foods (breakfast cereal, dark-green vegetables, legumes, OJ, liver) |
| Foods with B6 | B6 sources (potato, sweet potato, meat, poultry, fish, banana, breakfast cereal, watermelon, corn) |
| B12 foods | Having < 1 serving/d of B12 (beef, pork, poultry, fish, seafood, milk, dairy, eggs) |
| Vit E foods | oils, fats, nuts, seeds |
| Vit C foods | vitamin C (fruits and vegetables |
| High calcium foods | Dairy products, fortified juices provide calcium (3 servings/d) |
| Vit D foods | Milk, fish, eggs provide vitamin D |
| Phosphates sources and contribution to health | Soda, processed foods provide phosphates (these are bad-risky if eat more than 5 servings daily) |
| People who severely restrict carbs, meats, or total energy may be deficient in what? | thiamin or riboflavin deficient. |
| Omega-6 is what? | linoleic, arachidonic acid |
| Linoleic acid makes up what | Arachidonic acid (linoleic->arachidonic) |
| Omega 3 acid | alpha linolenic, EPA, DHA |
| Precursor of alpha EPA and DHA | alpha linolenic-> |
| For folate, B6, Thiamin, Riboflavin deficiency determine if eats less than? | 3 servings/day |
| For B12, Vit C, Carotenoids, less than how many servings? | 1 |
| For Calcium, Vitamin D, less than how many servings? | 2 |
| Protein alarm threshold | More than 1 oz per ten pounds body weight |
Created by:
VCOM2013
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