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Haley
anatomy
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| contractility | ability of skeletal muscle to shorten with force |
| excitability | capacity of skeletal muscle to respond to a stimulus |
| extensibility | ability to be stretched |
| elasticity | to recoil to their original resting length after being stretched |
| skeletal muscle surrounded by connective tissue sheath | epimysium |
| fascia | connective tissue located outside the epimysium surrounds and separates muscles |
| perimysium | muscle composed of numerous visible bundles surrounded by loose connective tissue |
| fibers | fasciculi composed of single muscle cells |
| endomysium | each fiber surrounded by connective tissue sheath |
| myofibrils | structure extends from one end of the fiber to the other |
| sarcomeres | basic structural and functional unit of the muscle. joined end to end to form myofibril |
| anaerobic respiration | without oxygen |
| aerobic respiration | with oxygen |
| muscle fatigue | atp is used when muscle contraction is faster than it can be produced in muscle cells |
| isometric | equal distance. length of muscle does not change but amount of tension increase during contraction process |
| isotonic | equal tension. tension produced when muscle is constant during contraction but the length of muscle changes. |
| muscle tone | constant tension produced by muscles of the body for long periods of time |
| fast twitch fibers | contracts quickly and fatigues quickly. ex white meat chickens breast |
| slow twitch fibers | contracts slowly and are more resistant to fatigue . ex dark meat ducks breast and leg of chicken |
| origin | most stationary end of the muscle |
| insertion | end of the muscle undergoing the greatest movement |
| belly | portion of muscle between origin and insertion |
| synergist | muscle works together to accomplish specific movements |
| antagonists | muscles that work in opposition to one another |
| prime mover | plays a major role in accomplishing the desired movement |
| actin myofilaments | thin myofilaments 2 min strands of pearls twisted together |
| myosin myofilaments | thick myofilaments resemble bundles of min golf clubs |
| resting membrane potential | charge difference across the membrane |
| action potential | brief reversal back of the charge |
| motor neurons | nerve cells that carry action potentials to skeletal muscle fibers |
| each branch that connects to the muscle | neuromuscular junction |
| near the center of the cell | synapse |
| enters the muscles and branch | axons |
| single motor neuron and all the skeletal muscle fibers it innervates | motor unit |
| space between the presynaptic terminal and the muscle cell | synaptic cleft |
| muscle fibers that don't respond to stimulus until that stimulus reaches a level which point the muscle fibers will contact maximally | threshold |
| time between application of a stimulus to a motor neuron and beginning of a contraction | lag phase |
| time of contraction | contraction phase |
| time during which the muscle relaxes | relaxation phase |
| where muscle remains contracted without relaxing | tetany |
| increase in number of motor units being activated | recruitment |
| occipitofrontalis | raise the eyebrows |
| orbicularis oculi | close the eyelids wrinkles in the corner of eye |
| orbicularis oris | puckers the lips |
| buccinator | flattens the cheeks |
| kissing muscles | orbicularis oris and buccinator |
| zygomaticus | smiling muscle |
| levator labii superioris | sneering |
| depressor anguli oris | frowning |
| mastication | chewing |
| change the shape of the tongue | intrinsic tongue muscles |
| move the tongue | extrinsic tongue muscles |
| sternocleidomastoid | lateral neck muscle and prime mover. rotates and abducts the head |
| erector spinae | group of muscles on each side of the back |
| muscles that move the thorax | thoracic muscles |
| trapezius | rotates scapula |
| serratus anterior | pulls scapula anteriorly |
| pectoralis major | adducts and flexes the arm |
| latissimus dorsi | swimmer muscles. rotates, adducts, and powerfully extends arm |
| deltoid | attaches humerus to the scapula and clavicle |
| triceps brachii | extends forearm occupies posterior compartment of the arm |
| biceps brachii | flexes the forearm occupies anterior compartment |
| brachialis | flexes forearm |
| branchioradialis | flexes and supinates the forearm |
| flexor carpi | flexes the wrist |
| extensor carpi | extends the wrist |
| flexor digitorum | flexes the fingers |
| extensor digitorum | extends the fingers |
| gluteus maximus | buttocks hip muscle and common injection site |
| quadriceps femoris | extends the leg anterior thigh muscles |
| Sartorius | tailors muscle flexes the thigh |
| hamstring muscles | posterior thigh muscle flexes the leg and extends thigh |
| gastrocnemius and soleus | form the calf muscle |
| lateral muscles of the leg | peroneus |
| 20 muscles located in the foot | intrinsic muscle |
Created by:
haygrace
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