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Ch. 6 Muscles
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Ability of skeletal muscle to shorten with force. | Contractility |
| The capacity of skeletal muscle to respond to a stimulus. | Excitability |
| The ability to be stretched. | Extensibility |
| Ability to recoil to their original resting length after they have been stretched. | Elasticity |
| Connective tissue sheath that covers the skeletal muscle. | Epimysium |
| Another connective tissue located outside the epimysium | Fascia |
| Loose connective tissue that surrounds the bundles of muscle fibers | Perimysium |
| Muscle cells | Fibers |
| Connective tissue sheet that surrounds fibers | Endomysium |
| Threadlike structure that extends from one end of the fiber to the other | Myofibrils |
| Actin | thin myofilaments |
| Myosin | thick myofilaments |
| Basic structural and functional unit of the muscle | Sarcomeres |
| Charge difference across the membrane | Resting membrane potential |
| Nerve cells that carry action potentials to skeletal muscle fibers | Motor neurons |
| enlarged nerve terminal | Presynaptic terminal |
| space between the presynaptic terminal and the muscle cell | Synaptic cleft |
| the muscle fiber | Postsynaptic terminal |
| Each presynaptic terminal contains | synaptic vesicles |
| secreted from the synaptic vesicles | acetylcholine |
| breaks down acetylcholine | acetylcholinesterase |
| sliding of actin myofilaments past myosin myofilaments during contraction | sliding filament mechanism |
| a contraction of an entire muscle in response to a stimulus that causes the action potential in one or more muscle fibers. | Muscle twitch |
| point when the muscle fiber will contract maximally | Threshold |
| time between application of a stimulus to a motor neuron and the beginning of a contraction | Lag phase |
| Muscle remains contracted without relaxing | Tetany |
| Increase in number of motor units being activated | Recruitment |
| Less stable adenosine phosphate; 3 phosphates | ATP |
| More stable adenosine phosphate; 2 phosphates | ADP |
| High energy molecule | Creatine Phosphate |
| Anaerobic respiration | Without Oxygen |
| Aerobic respiration | With Oxygen |
| Amount of oxygen needed in chemical reactions to convert lactic acid to glucose | Oxygen debt |
| When ATP is used during muscle contraction faster than it can be produced in the muscle cells | Muscle fatigue |
| equal distance; length of the muscle does not change, but the amount of tension increases during the contraction process | Isometric |
| equal tension; amount of tension produced by the muscle is constant during contraction, but the length of muscle changes | Isotonic |
| Constant tension produced by muscles of the body for long periods of time | Muscle tone |
| Raises eyebrows | Occipitofrontalis |
| Closes the eyelids | Orbicularis oculi |
| puckers the lips | Orbicularis oris |
| Flattens the cheeks. Trumpeter’s muscle. | Buccinator |
| Kissing Muscles | Buccinator and Orbicularis oris |
| Smiling muscle | Zygomaticus |
| Sneering | Levator labii superioris |
| Frowning | Depressor anguli oris |
| 4 pairs of mastication muscles | 2 pair of pterygoids, temporalis, and masseter. |
| change the shape of the tongue | Intrinsic Tongue Muscles |
| move the tongue | Extrinsic Tongue Muscles |
| lateral neck muscle and prime mover | Sternocleidomastoid |
| most stationary end of the muscle | origin |
| portion of the muscle between the origin and the insertion | belly |
| end of the muscle undergoing the greatest movement | insertion |
| Muscles that work together to accomplish specific movements | synergists |
| Muscles that work in opposition to one another | antagonists |
| Among a group of synergists, if one muscle plays the major role in accomplishing the desired movement | prime mover |
| contract quickly and fatigue quickly | Fast-twitch fibers |
| contract more slowly | Slow-twitch fibers |
| group of muscles on each side of the back | Erector spinae |
| rotates scapula | Trapezius |
| pulls scapula anteriorly | Serratus anterior |
| The arm is attached to the thorax by the | pectoralis major and latissimus dorsi muscles. |
| adducts and flexes the arm | Pectoralis major |
| medially rotates, adducts, and powerfully extends the arm. “Swimmer muscles” | Latissimus dorsi |
| attaches the humerus to the scapula and clavicle, and is the major abductor of the upper limb | Deltoid |
| extends the forearm. | Triceps brachii |
| flexes the forearm | Biceps brachii |
| flexes forearm | Brachialis |
| flexes and supinates the forearm. | Brachioradialis |
| flexes the wrist | Flexor carpi |
| extends the wrist | Extensor carpi |
| flexes the fingers | Flexor digitorum |
| extends the fingers. | Extensor digitorum |
| extends the leg; anterior thigh muscles | Quadriceps femoris |
| “tailors muscle”; flexes the thigh | Sartorius |
| posterior thigh muscles | Hamstring muscles |
Created by:
akball24
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