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CH. 6 MUSCLES
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Contraction | to shorten or develop muscle tension |
| Muscle Fibers | muscle cells |
| Skeletal Muscle | muscles attached to skeleton |
| Endomysium | thin connective tissue surrounding each cell |
| Perimysium | connective tissues enveloping bundles of muscle fibers |
| Epimysium | sheath of fibrous connective tissue surrounding muscles |
| Fascicle | bundle of nerve or muscle fibers bound together by connective tissue |
| Smooth Muscle | muscle unstriped and spine shaped; involuntary |
| Cardiac Muscle | heart muscle |
| Sarcolemma | fine, transparent, tubular sheath that envelops the fibers of skeletal muscles |
| Sacomere | extends from one Z disc to the next |
| Myosin | principle contractile proteins found in muscle |
| Actin | contractile protein |
| Sarcoplasmic reticulum | network of tubular or saclike channels in cytoplasm of muscle cells |
| Motor Unit | motor neuron and all the muscle cells it supplies |
| Axon | conducting portion of a nerve cell |
| Acetylcholine | chemical transmitter substance released by certain nerve endings |
| Muscle fatigue | decline in ability to use muscles |
| Isotenic | having tension of the same tone |
| Isometric | of the same length |
| Origin | muscle that remains fixed during muscle contractions |
| Insertion | moveable attachment of muscle opposed to its origin |
| Synergists | muscles working with other muscles to produce movements |
| Antagonists | muscles that work against movements |
| Fixators | muscles acting to immobilize a joint or a bone |
| Contractility | skeletal muscle to shorten with force |
| Excitability | the capacity of skeletal muscle to respond to a stimulus |
| Extensibility | the ability to be stretched |
| Elasticity | ability to go back to its original form after being stretched |
| Muscle twitch | contraction of entire muscle in response to a stimulus that causes the action |
| Contraction phase | time of contraction |
| Relaxation phase | times when muscles are relaxed |
| Tetany | muscle remains contracted without relaxing |
| Recruitment | increase in number of motor units activated |
| Creatine Phosphate | found in vertebrate muscle, where it serves to store phosphates to provide energy for muscular contraction |
| Anaerobic respiration | without oxygen |
| Aerobic respiration | with oxygen |
| Oxygen Debt | amount of oxygen needed in chemical reactions to replenish muscle cells |
| Muscle Tone | constant tension produced by muscles of the body for long periods of time |
| Fast- twitch Fibers | contract quickly and fatigue quickly |
| Slow- twitch Fibers | contract slowly and are more resistant to fatigue |
| Belly | portion of muscle between its origin and the insertion |
| Prime mover | one muscle that plays the major role |
| Ways to classify muscle names | location, size, shape, orientation of fibers |
| Occipitofrontalis | raises the eyebrows |
| Orbicularis oculi | closes the eyelids and causes "crows feet" wrinkles |
| Orbicularis oris | puckers lips |
| Buccinator | flattens cheeks |
| Zygomaticus | smiling muscle |
| Levator Labii Superioris | sneering |
| Depressor Anguli Oris | frowning |
| Mastication | chewing |
| 4 pairs of mastication muscles | 2 pairs of pterygoids, temporalis, and masseter |
| Intrinsic Tongue Muscles | changes shape of tongue |
| Extrinsic Tongue Muscles | move the tongue |
| Sternocleidomastoid | lateral neck muscle and prime mover; rotates and abducts head |
| Erector Spinae | group of muscles on each side of the back; responsible for keeping it straight and the body erect |
| Thoracic Muscles | muscles that move the thorax |
| External intercostals | elevate the ribs during inspiration |
| Internal intercostals | contract during forced expiration |
| Diaphragm | accomplishes quiet breathing |
| Abdominal Wall Muscles | flex and rotate the vertebral column, compresses abdominal cavity, and holds abdominal viscera |
| Linea alba | vertical linear identification extending from sternum through the navel, to the pubis |
| Trapezius | rotates scapula |
| Serratus anterior | pulls scapula anteriorly |
| Pectoralis major | adducts and flexes the arm |
| Latissimus dorsi | medically rotates, adducts, and powerfully extends the arm |
| Deltoid | attaches humerus to the scapula and clavicle |
| Triceps brachii | extends forearm |
| Biceps brachii | occupies anterior compartment of the arm |
| Brachialis | flexes forearm |
| Retinaculum | band of connective tissues that cover the flexor and extensor tendons |
| Flexor carpi | flexes wrist |
| Extensor carpi | extends wrist |
| Flexor digitorum | flexes fingers |
Created by:
kimster_52
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