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Ch.6
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The ability of skeletal muscle to shorten with force | Contractility |
| The capacity of skeletal muscle to respond to a stimulus | Excitability |
| The ability to be stretched | Extensibility |
| Skeletal muscle is surrounded by this connective tissue sheath | Epimysium |
| Another connective tissue located outside the epimysium | Fascia |
| Loose connective tissue that surrounds the fascicle | Perimysium |
| The fasciculi are composed of single muscle cells called this | Fibers |
| Each fiber is surrounded by this connective tissue sheath | Endomysium |
| The cytoplasm of each fiber is filled with this | Myofibrils |
| Thin myofilaments | Actin Myofilaments |
| Thick myofilaments | Myosin Myofilaments |
| Actin and myosin myofilaments form highly ordered units called this | Sarcomeres |
| The charge difference across the membrane is called this | Resting Membrane Potential |
| The brief reversal back of the charge is called this | Action Potential |
| Nerve cells that carry action potentials to skeletal muscle fibers | Motor neurons |
| Each branch that connects to the muscle | Synapse |
| A single motor neuron and all the skeletal muscle fibers it innervates | Motor Unit |
| The enlarged nerve terminal | Presynaptic Terminal |
| The space between the presynaptic terminal and the muscle cell | Synaptic Cleft |
| The muscle fiber | Postsynaptic Terminal |
| Each presynaptic terminal contains synaptic vesicles that secrete this neurotransmitter | Acetylcholine |
| The acetylcholine released into the synaptic cleft between the neuron and muscle cell is rapidly broken down by this enzyme | Acetylcholinesterase |
| The sliding of actin myofilaments past myosin myofilaments during contraction is called this | Sliding Filament Mechanism |
| Contraction of an entire muscle in response to a stimulus that causes the action potential in one or more muscle fibers | Muscle twitch |
| A muscle fiber will not respond to stimulus until that stimulus reaches a level called this | Threshold |
| The time between application of a stimulus to a motor neuron and the beginning of a contraction | Lag Phase |
| The time of contraction | Contraction Phase |
| The time during which the muscle relaxes | Relaxation Phase |
| Muscle remains contracted without relaxing | Tetany |
| The increase in number of motor units being activated | Recruitment |
| Needed for energy for muscle contraction and is produced in the mitochondria | ATP(adenosine triphosphate) |
| ATP reduces to this stable compound | ADP (adenosine diphosphate) |
| Can store another high-energy molecule | Creatine Phosphate |
| Without oxygen | Anaerobic Respiration |
| With oxygen (more efficient) | Aerobic Respiration |
| The increased respiration provides the oxygen to pay back the oxygen debt | Oxygen Debt |
| Results when ATP is used during muscle contraction faster than it can be produced in the muscle cells | Muscle Fatigue |
| The length of the muscle does not change, but the amount of tension increases | Isometric |
| The amount of tension produced by the muscle is constant, but the length of the muscle changes | Isotonic |
| Refers to constant tension produced by muscles of the body for long periods of time | Muscle Tone |
| Contract quickly and fatigue quickly | Fast-twitch Fibers |
| Contract more slowly and are more resistant to fatigue | Slow-twitch Fibers |
| The most stationary end of the muscle | Origin |
| The end of the muscle undergoing the greatest movement | Insertion |
| The portion of the muscle between the origin and the insertion | Belly |
| Muscles that work together to accomplish specific movements | Synergists |
| Muscles that work in opposition to one another | Antagonists |
| In a group of synergists, if this muscle plays the major role in accomplishing the desired movement | Prime Mover |
| Raises the eyebrows | Occipitofrontalis |
| Closes the eyelids and causes “crows feet” wrinkles in the skin at the lateral corners of the eye | Orbicularis oculi |
| Puckers the lips | Orbicularis oris |
| Flattens the cheeks | Buccinator |
| Smiling muscle | Zygomaticus |
| Sneering | Levator Labii Superioris |
| Frowning | Depressor Anguli Oris |
| Chewing | Mastication |
| Change the shape of the tongue | Intrinsic Tongue Muscles |
| Move the tongue | Extrinsic Tongue Muscles |
| lateral neck muscle and prime mover; rotates and abducts the head | Sternocleidomastoid |
| group of muscles on each side of the back; responsible for keeping the back straight and the body erect | Erector Spinae |
| Muscles that move the thorax | Thoracic Muscles |
| Elevate the ribs during inspiration | External Intercostals |
| Contract during forced expiration | Internal Intercostals |
| Accomplishes quiet breathing | Diaphragm |
| The muscles of the anterior abdominal wall flex and rotate the vertebral column | Abdominal Wall Muscles |
| Tendinous area of the abdominal wall | Linea Alba |
| On each side of the linea alba | Rectus Abdominis |
| Cross the rectus abdominis at three or more locations | Tendinous Inscriptions |
| Rotates the scapula | Trapezius |
| Pulls scapula anteriorly | Serratus Anterior |
| Adducts and flexes the arm | Pectoralis Major |
| Medially rotates, adducts, and powerfully extends the arm | Latissimus Dorsi |
| Attaches the humerus to the scapula and clavicle | Deltoid |
| Extends the forearm | Triceps Brachii |
| Flexes the forearm | Biceps Brachii |
| Flexes forearm | Brachialis |
Created by:
aleftyjeffrey
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