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Ch. 6 Muscle
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| contractility | the ability of skeletal muscle to shorten with force |
| excitability | the capacity of skeletal muscle to respond to a stimulus |
| extensibility | the ability to be stretched |
| elasticity | ability to recoil to their original resting length after they have been stretched |
| fascia | connective tissue outside of the epimysium |
| perimysium | connective tissue around the fascicle |
| muscle cell | muscle fibers |
| endomysium | connective tissue around muscle fibers |
| actin myrofilaments | thin myrofilaments |
| myosin myrofilaments | thick myrofilaments |
| motor neurons | nerve cells that carry action potentials to skeletal muscle fibers |
| motor unit | a single motor neuron and all the skeletal muscles it innervates |
| presynaptic terminal | enlarged nerve terminal |
| synaptic cleft | the space between the presynaptic terminal and the muscle cell |
| postsynaptic terminal | the muscle fiber |
| synaptic vesicles | secrete a neurotransmitter |
| acetylcholine | neurotransmitter |
| acetylcholinesterase | an enzyme that breaks down acetylcholine |
| muscle twitch | the contraction of an entire muscle in response to a stimulus |
| lag phase | the time between application of a stimulus to a motor neuron and the beginning of a contraction |
| contraction phase | the time of contraction |
| relaxation phase | the time in which the muscle relaxes |
| tetany | where the muscle remains contracted without relaxing |
| recruitment | the increase in number of motor units being activated |
| creatine phosphate | high-energy molecule that is stored it a muscle |
| anaerobic respiration | without oxygen |
| aerobic respiration | with oxygen |
| oxygen debt | the amount of oxygen needed in chemical reactions |
| muscle fatigue | results when ATP is used during muscle contraction faster than it can be produced in the muscle cells |
| isometric | the length of the muscle does not change, but the amount of tension increases during the contraction process |
| isotonic | the amount of tension produced by the muscle is constant during contraction, but the length of the muscle changes |
| muscle tone | refers to constant tension produced by muscles of the body for long periods of time |
| fast-twitch fibers | contract quickly and fatigue quickly |
| slow-twitch fibers | contract more slowly and are more resistant to fatigue |
| origin | is the most stationary end of the muscle |
| insertion | is the end of the muscle undergoing the greatest movement |
| belly | the portion of the muscle between the origin and the insertion |
| synergists | muscles that work together to accomplish specific movements |
| antagonists | muscles that work in opposition to one another |
| prime mover | among a group of synergists, if one muscle plays the major role in accomplishing the desired movement |
| Occipitofrontalis | raises the eyebrows |
| Orbicularis oculi | closes the eyelids |
| Orbicularis oris | puckers the lips |
| Buccinator | flattens the cheeks |
| Orbicularis oris and buccinator | the kissing muscles |
| Zygomaticus | smiling muscle |
| Levator labii superioris | sneering |
| Depressor anguli oris | frowning |
| Mastication | chewing |
| 4 pairs of mastication muscles | 2 pair of pterygoids, temporalis, and masseter |
| Intrinsic Tongue Muscles | change the shape of the tongue |
| Extrinsic Tongue Muscles | move the tongue |
| Sternocleidomastoid | lateral neck muscle and prime mover |
| Rotates and abducts the head | Sternocleidomastoid |
| Erector spinae | group of muscles on each side of the back |
| Responsible for keeping the back straight and the body erect | Erector spinae |
| Thoracic Muscles | muscles that move the thorax |
| External intercostals | elevate the ribs during inspiration |
| Internal intercostals | contract during forced expiration |
| Diaphragm | Dome-shaped muscle, aids in breathing |
| Abdominal wall muscles | The muscles of the anterior abdominal wall flex and rotate the vertebral column |
| This tendinous area of the abdominal wall | linea alba |
| linea alba | consists of white connective tissue rather than muscle |
| Trapezius | rotates scapula |
| Serratus anterior | pulls scapula anteriorly |
| Pectoralis major | adducts and flexes the arm |
| Latissimus dorsi | medially rotates, adducts, and powerfully extends the arm |
| Deltoid | attaches the humerus to the scapula and clavicle |
| Triceps brachii | extends the forearm |
| Biceps brachii | flexes the forearm |
| Brachialis | flexes forearm |
| Flexor carpi | flexes the wrist |
| Extensor carpi | extends the wrist |
| Flexor digitorum | flexes the fingers |
| Extensor digitorum | extends the fingers |
Created by:
jacobjackson
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