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Chapter 6 Muscle
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| the ability of skeletal muscle to shorten with force | contractility |
| the capacity of skeletal muscle to respond to a stimulus | excitability |
| the ability to be stretched | extensibility |
| ability to recoil to their original resting length after they have been stretched | elasticity |
| each skeletal muscle surrounded by a connective tissue sheath | epimysium |
| another connected tissue located outside the epimysium | fascia |
| a muscle is composed of numerous visible bundles called | muscle fasciculi (fascicle) |
| single muscle cells that composes the fasciculi | fibers |
| connective tissue sheath that surrounds each muscle fiber | endomysium |
| a threadlike structure that extends from one end of the fiber to the other | myofibrils |
| myofibrils consist of2 major kinds of protein fiers | actin myofilaments and myosin myofilaments |
| thick myofilaments | myosin |
| thin myofilaments | actin |
| the cytoplasm of each fiber is filled with | myofibrils |
| buttocks | gluteus maximus |
| chest muscle | pectoral muscle |
| back muscle | latissimus dorsi |
| anterior thigh muscle | quadriceps femoris |
| posterior thigh muscle | hamstrings |
| muscle responsible for smiling | zygomaticus |
| muscle responsible for sneering | levator labii superioris |
| muscle responsile for frowning | depressor anguli oris |
| closes the eyelid | orbicularis oculi |
| puckers the mouth | orbicularis oris |
| flattens the cheeks | buccinator |
| What does ATP mean | adenosine triphosphate |
| what is ATP needed for | energy for muscle contraction |
| produced in the mitochondria | ATP |
| short-lived and unstable | ATP |
| one muscles plays a major role in a desired movement | prime mover |
| muscles that work opposite of eachother | antagonists |
| muscles that work together to accomplish specific movements | synergists |
| portion or the muscle between the origin and the insertion | belly |
| the end of the muscle undergoing the greatest movement | insertion |
| orgin | (head) the most stationary end of the muscle |
| slow- twitch fibers | contract slowly and are more resistant to fatigue |
| fast- twitch fibers | contract quickly and fatigue quickly |
| constant tensions of muscles | muscle tone |
| amount of tension produced is constant but length of the muscle changes | isotonic |
| the length of the muscle doesn't change but the tension increases during the contraction process | isometric. |
| ATP is used during muscle contraction faster than is can be produced | muscle fatigue |
| oxygen debt | the amount of oxygen needed in chemical reactions to convert lactic acid to glucose |
| aerobic respiration | with oxygen |
| anaerobic respiration | without oxygen |
| high energy molecule besides ATP | creatine phosphate |
| basic structural and functional unity of the muscle | sarcomere |
| each sarcomere extends from | one Z line to another Z line |
| has a banded appearance | actin and myosin |
| light area next to the Z line | I band |
| The I band consists of | Actin |
| In the center of each sarcomere is another light area called | H zone |
| The H zone only consists of | Myosin |
| myosin myofilaments are anchored in the center of the sarcomere at a dark staining band called | M line |
| The outside of the cell membrane is | positively charged |
| the inside of the cell membrane is | negatively charged |
| change difference across the membrane | resting membrane potential |
| When a muscle cell is stimulated the membrane characteristics | change breifly |
| the brief reversal back of the charge is called | action ptential |
| nerve cells that carry action potentials to skeletal muscle fibers | motor nuerons |
| Axons enter the | muscles and branch |
| each branch that connects to the muscle forms a | nueromuscular juction or synapse |
| a single motor neuron | motor unit |
| Many motor units form a | single muscle |
| a neuromusclular junction is formed by | an enlarged nerve terminal |
| the enlarged terminal is the | presynaptic terminal |
| the space between the presynaptic terminal and the muscle cell is the | synaptic cleft |
| each presynaptic terminal contains | synaptic vesicles |
| synaptic vesicles secrete a neurotransmitter called | acetylcholine |
| occurs as actin and myosin myofilaments slide past one another causing sarcomeres to shorten | muscle contraction |
| when the sarcomeres shorten is causes the muscles to | shorten |
| a contraction of an entire muscle in response to a stimulus that causes the action potential in one or more muscle fibers | muscle twitch |
| A muscle fiber will not respond to stimulus until that stimulus reaches a level called | threshold |
| the time between application of a stimulus to a motor neuron and the beginning of a contraction is called the | lag phase |
| the time of contraction | contraction phase |
| the time during which the muscle relaxes | relaxation phase |
Created by:
AnthonyWhitlock31
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