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Ch.6 Muscle
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Muscle Cells | Muscle Fibers |
| ability for the muscle to shorten with force | Contractility |
| capability of skeletal muscle to respond to the stimulus | excitability |
| ability to be stretched | extensibility |
| ability to recoil | elasticity |
| thin miyofilaments | actin miyofilaments |
| thick miyofilaments | myosin miyofilaments |
| connective tissue located outside the perymysium | facia |
| loose connective tissue surrounding the muscle fasciculi | perimysium |
| connective tissue sheath surrounding the muscle fibers | endomysium |
| nerve cells that carry action potentials to skeletal muscle fibers | motor neurons |
| each brand that connects to the muscle | neuromusclular junction |
| a single motor neuron | motor unit |
| buttocks | gluteus maximus |
| chest muscle | pectoral muscle |
| Anterior thigh muscle | Quadriceps femoris |
| Posterior thigh muscle | Hamstrings |
| Back muscle | Latissimus Dorsi |
| sliding of actin myofilaments | sliding filament mechanism |
| contraction of an entire muscle | muscle twitch |
| a level that a muscle will not respond | threshold |
| a time between application of a stimulus to a motor neuron | lag phase |
| anaerobic respiration | without oxygen |
| aerobic respiration | with oxygen |
| muscle tone | constant tension in the muscles |
| Fast twitch fibers | contract and fatigue quickly |
| slow twitch fibers | contract mores slowly and fatique less |
| origin | most stationary end of the muscle |
| insertion | end of muscle with most movement |
| belly | portion of muscle between the origin and insertion |
| synergists | muscles that work together |
| antagonists | muscles that work in opposition of each other |
| occipitofrontalis | raises the evebrows |
| orbicularis oculi | closes the eyelids |
| orbicularis oris | puckers the lips |
| buccinator | flattens the cheeks |
| zygomaticus | smiling muscle |
| levator labii superioris | sneering |
| depressor anguli oris | frowning |
| mastication | chewing |
| sternocleidomastoid | lateral neck muscle and prime mover |
| thoracic muscles | muscles that move the thorax |
| trapezius | rotates scapula |
| serratus anterior | pulls scapula anteriorly |
| pectoris major | adducts and flexes the arm |
| deltoid | attaches the humerus to the scapula |
| triceps brachii | extends the forearm |
| biceps brachii | flexes the forearm |
| brachialis | flexes forearm |
| flexor carpi | flexes the wrist |
| extensor carpi | extends the wrist |
| flexor digitorum | extends the fingers |
| quadriceps femoris | extends the leg |
| recruitment | the increase in motor units |
| fibers | single muscle cells |
| actin myofilaments | thin myofilaments |
| myosin myofilaments | thick myofilaments |
| sarcomeres | actin and myofilaments form highly units |
| action potential | the brief reversal back of the charge |
| resting membrane potential | the charge distance arcross the membrane |
| synapse | each brand that connects the muscle fibers |
| presynaptic | the enlarge nerve terminal |
| synaptic left | the space between the pre synaptic terminal and muscle fiber |
| synaptic vescicles | each presynaptic terminal |
| acetylcholine | a secrete neurotransmitter |
| dorsiflexion | up and down movements |
| inversion | special movements of the foot |
| supination | turning backward |
| opposition | in the palm of the hand |
| parallel | the length of the fascicles |
| fusiform | modification of the parallel arrangment |
| pennate | short fascicles attach obliquely to a central tendon |
| endurance | type of exercise |
| lactic acid | acid generated during glycosis |
| isotonic contractions | tension |
| creatine phosphate | high energy molecule |
| anaerobic glycosis | the intial steps of glucose |
| cross bridges | myosin heads |
| sarcoplasmic reticulum | specialized endoplasmic reticulum |
| neuromuscular | junctions with sarcolemna |
| striated muscle | skeletal muscle |
| tendons | epimysium blend |
| aponeuroses | sheetlike |
| voluntary muscle | only muscle type subject to conscious control |