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SC 2110 Chp 7
Urinary System Vocabulary
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| arteriole | Small artery |
| calciferol | Active form of vitamin D, secreted by the kidney. |
| calyx or calix (plural :calyces or calices) | Cup-like collecting region of the renal pelvis. The term comes from Greek, kalux meaning a cup or case surrounding a flower bud. |
| catheter | Tube for injecting or removing fluids |
| cortex | Outer region of an organ; the renal cortex is the outer region of the kidney ( cortical means pertaining to the cortex). |
| creatinine | Nitrogenous waste excreted in urine. Creatinine clearance is a measure of the efficiency of the kidneys in removing (clearing) creatinine from the blood. Creatinine is a product of muscle metabolism. |
| electrolyte | Chemical element that carries electrical charge when dissolved in water. Electrolytes are necessary 4 functioning muscles & nerves.Kidneys maintain the proper balance of electrolytes & water in blood. Potassium (K +) & sodium (Na +) are electrolytes. |
| erythropoietin (EPO) | Hormone secreted by the kidney to stimulate the production of red blood cells by bone marrow. -Poietin means a substance that forms. EPO ( Ē -p ō ) stimulates red blood cell production, and thus increases the amount of oxygen delivered to muscles. |
| erythropoietin (EPO) continued... | This enhances athletic endurance. However, use of EPO is a form of blood doping and is prohibited by the World Anti-Doping Authority (WADA). |
| filtration | Process whereby some substances, but not all, pass through a filter. |
| glomerular capsule | Enclosing structure surrounding each glomerulus. The glomerular capsule is also known as Bowman ’ s capsule and it collects the material that is filtered from the blood through the walls of the glomerulus. |
| glomerulus ( plural :glomeruli) | Tiny ball of capillaries (microscopic blood vessels) in the kidney. |
| hilum | Depression in an organ where blood vessels & nerves enter & leave. Hilum comes from Latin meaning a small thing. It is also used in the respiratory system to mark the depression in the lung where blood vessels, bronchus, & lymphatic vessels enter & leave. |
| kidney | One of two bean-shaped organs on either side of the backbone in the lumbar region; it filters nitrogenous wastes from the bloodstream to form urine. |
| meatus | Opening or canal. |
| medulla | Inner region of an organ. The renal medulla is the inner region of the kidney. The term comes from the Latin medulla , meaning marrow (inner part). The medullary cavity in long bones is the innermost part containing red and yellow marrow. |
| nephron | Combination of glomerulus & renal tubule where filtration, reabsorption, & secretion take place in the kidney. It is the functional unit of the kidney, each capable of forming urine by itself. There are about 1 million nephrons in a kidney. |
| nitrogenous waste | Substance containing nitrogen and excreted in urine. Examples of nitrogenous wastes are urea, uric acid, and creatinine. |
| potassium (K +) | Electrolyte regulated by the kidney so that a proper concentration is maintained within the blood. Potassium is essential for allowing muscle contraction & conduction of nervous impulses. |
| reabsorption | Process whereby renal tubules return materials necessary to the body back into the bloodstream. |
| renal artery | Blood vessel that carries blood to the kidney. |
| renal pelvis | Central collecting region in the kidney. |
| renal tubule | Microscopic tube in the kidney where urine is formed after filtration. |
| renal vein | Blood vessel that carries blood away from the kidney and toward the heart. |
| renin | Hormone secreted by the kidney; it raises blood pressure by influencing vasoconstriction (narrowing of blood vessels). |
| sodium (Na +) | Electrolyte regulated in the blood & urine by the kidneys; needed for proper transmission of nerve impulses, heart activity, & other metabolic functions. A common form of sodium is sodium chloride (table salt). |
| trigone | Triangular area in the urinary bladder. |
| urea | Major nitrogenous waste excreted in urine. |
| ureter | One of the two tubes leading from the kidneys to the urinary bladder. |
| urethra | Tube leading from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body. |
| uric acid | Nitrogenous waste excreted in the urine. |
| urinary bladder | Hollow, muscular sac that holds and stores urine. |
| urination (voiding) | Process of expelling urine; also called micturition. |
Created by:
timelissa71511
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