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Ch. 20
Govt. Mass Media in the Digital Age
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| mass media | all the means for information to the general public, such as newspapers, magazines, radio, television, and the internet |
| 2journalist | professional media communicator, including reporter, columnist, editor, editorial writer, editorial cartoonist, photojournalist, correspondent, commentator, and news director |
| 3- News release | a ready-made story prepared by officials for members of the press; also called a press release |
| 4- News briefing | a media communication during which a government official makes an announcement or explains a policy, a decision, or an action |
| 5- Press conference | the news media's questioning of a high-level government official |
| 6- Leak | the release of secret information to the media by anonymous government officials |
| 7-media event | a visually interesting event designed to reinforce a politician's position on some issue |
| 8-horse race coverage | news coverage of presidential election campaigns in which the media treat the campaign as if it were a sporting event, generating excitement by focusing on who is ahead, who is making a comeback, and so on. |
| 9-front runner | label given to the candidate who wins an early primary, even if by a very small margin. |
| 10-spot advertising | brief (30 seconds to 2 minutes), frequent, positive descriptions of the candidate's major platform points, and/or negative depictions of the opposing candidate |
| 11-prior restrain | censorship of information before it is published |
| 12-libel | false written or published statements that damaged a person's reputation |
| 13-defamation | false expression that injures a person's reputation |
| 14-Freedom of information Act(FOIA) | requires federal agencies to release public files to the public, unless the material falls into certain exceptions for national security or other confidential information |
| 15-Shield law | a state law that protects reporters from having to reveal their sources |
| 16- embedded journalist | a reporter who travels with and accompanies troops into battle, then reports live about what they expect |
| 17- Fairness doctrine | rule that required broadcasters to provide opportunities for the expression of opposing views on issues of public importance |
| 18-embedded journalist | a reporter that travels with and accompanies troops into battle, then reports live about what they experience |
| 19-blog | a personal “Web log,” or online journal, in which an individual or group records their own thoughts, experiences, observations, opinions, and so on |
| 20-electronic mailing list | an automated e-mail notification that provides subscribers with current information on a topic |
| 21-action alert: | A message from an interest group to its members, calling upon them to respond immediately by phone, fax, or e-mail to public officials. |
| 22-electronic petition: | A message that asks the recipient to "sign" his or her name electronically to a request that will be sent to an official. |
| 23-e-commerce: | The sales of goods and services online. |
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