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Brain/Cranial Nerves
A&P Chapter 14 Dr.Cutler
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Cerebrum | Outer region of gray matter, "bark" |
| Gyri | Folds (convolutions) |
| Sulci | Shallow grooves in the folds |
| Fissures | Deep grooves in the folds |
| Longitudinal Fissure | Separates right and left cerebrii into cerebral hemispheres |
| Corpus Callosum | Bundle of white, myelinated axons that connects the two cerebral hemispheres |
| Lobes in the Cerebrum | Frontal, Parietal, Occipital and Temporal |
| Lobes are named after what | The bones that cover them |
| Central Sulcus | Separates frontal lobe from parietal lobe |
| Postcentral Gyrus | Just after the central sulcus, primary sensory cortex |
| Precentral Gyrus | Just before the central sulcus, primary motor cortex |
| Insula | Lobe which is interior and cannot be seen on brain surface |
| Olfactory | Sense of smell |
| Optic | Sensory for vision |
| Oculomotor | Motor for light accommodation |
| Trochlear | Motor for eye movement |
| Trigeminal | Sensory for face & head; Motor for mastication |
| Abducens | Motor for eye movement |
| Facial | Motor for facial expression; sensory for taste |
| Vestibulocochlear | Sensory for hearing and balance |
| Glossopharyngeal | Sensory for taste; motor for swallowing & saliva |
| Vagus | Sensory for thoracic & abdominal organs; motor for speaking, gagging & swallowing |
| Accessory | Motor for head turn (SCM) and shoulder shrug |
| Hypoglossal | Motor for tongue |
| Adult Brain Structures | Telencephalon, Diencephalon, Mescencephalon, Metencephalon, and Myelencephalon |
| 4 Major Parts of the Brain | Brain stem, Cerebellum, Diencephalon, Cerebrum |
| Brain Stem | Continuous with spinal cord; Medulla Oblongata, Pons and Midbrain |
| Cerebellum | "Little Brain" for balance |
| Diencephalon | Relay and Reaction center; Thalamus, Hypothalamus, and Epithalamus |
| Cerebrum | Largest part of your brain |
| Meninges | Protect brain and spinal cord from mechanical injury and support dural sinuses that drain blood from head to heart |
| Blood flows to the brain mainly through the what | Internal carotid artery and vertebral artery |
| Brain eats what percent of the body's oxygen | 20% |
| Blood drains away from the brain into the what | Dural venous sinuses |
| Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB) | Highly selective permeable barrier |
| Cerebrospinal Fluid | Clear, watery fluid in and around the brain and spinal cord |
| Ventricles | CFS-filled cavities within the brain |
| 4 Ventricles | 2 laterals, 3rd and 4th Ventricles |
| Pyramids | Visible bulges on the anterior portion of the medulla oblongata |
| Medulla Oblongata | Cardiovascular center regulates rate and force of heartbeat |
| Medullary respiratory center adjusts the basic rhythm for | Breathing |
| The brain stem controlls what | Vomitting and sneezing |
| Structures of the Medulla Oblongata | Pons, pyramids and site of decussation (Male pregnant seahorse) |
| Alcohol overdose suppressess the what? | Medullary Respiratory Center |
| Pons | The 'bridge' that connects parts of the brain with other parts, directly above medulla and extends to the midbrain, has the pontine respiratory group |
| Midbrain | Mesencephalon (middle), substantia nigra |
| Substantia Nigra | Contains neurons that release dopamine |
| Reticular Formation | Broad region of white and gray matter throughout brainstem |
| Responsible for consciousness and awakenign from sleep and maintains attention | Reticular Formation |
| Reticular Activating System (RAS) | Regulates the shift between sleep and wakefulness; detects visual, auditory, pain touch, and pressure |
| Cerebellum | 1/10th the size of the cerebrum; evaluates movement; regulates posture and balance |
| Ataxia | Lack of balance, 'drunk test' |
| Arbor vitae | 'Tree of Life', tracts of white matter that look like a tree |
| Diencephalon | Thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus, and 3rd ventricle |
| Diencephalon includes the what | Pituitary gland |
| Sensory and motor processing between higher and lower brain centers | Diencephalon |
| Thalamus | 'Inner Chamber'; relay station for sensory impulses that reach the brain |
| Hypothalamus | Under the thalamus, regulates homeostasis, controls Autonomic Nervous System |
| Infundibulum | Stalk that connects the pituitary gland to the hypothalamus |
| The hypothalamus controls what | Releasing hormones; Rage, agression, pain, pleasure and sexual arousal; Eating and drinking; Body temperature; Circadian rhythms and states of consciousness |
| HPA | Hypothalamic-Pituitary Axis; Regulates hormones secreted by other glands, such as thyroid and adrenal glands |
| Epithalamus | Just about the thalamus; Contains the pineal gland |
| Pineal Gland | Pinecone shape, forms roof of 3rd Ventricle, secretes melatonin to promote sleepiness |
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