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Lab Exercise 5
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Type 1 Pneumocyte | main cell of lung |
| Type 2 Pneumocyte | differentiate into Type 1, make surfactant, which adds phospholipids and lipoproteins for surface tension |
| What is the main function of the respiratory system? | oxygenation of blood and elimination of O2 |
| What are the two serious membranes surrounding each lung? | visceral pleura and parietal pleura |
| What is inside the pleural cavity? | pleural fluid |
| What is the function of pleural fluid? | lubrication for lung movement |
| What makes up the bronchial tree? | main branch, lobar branch, segmental branch, bronchioles, terminal bronchioles |
| How are bronchioles different from the other structures of the bronchial tree? | More smooth muscle, less cartilage, smaller lumen |
| What makes up the conduction zone? | Bronchial tree |
| What makes up the respiratory zone? | Alveoli |
| What forms the respiratory membrane in the lung? | simple squamous epithelium, basement membrane, interstitial fluid |
| Pulmonary ventillation | breathing |
| Boyle's Law | pressure and volume are inversely related |
| What muscles contract during quiet inspiration? | diaphragm and external intercostal muscles |
| What muscles contract during deep inspiration? | sternocleidomastoid and scalenes |
| What muscles contract during deep expiration? | internal intercostals, internal and external obliques, transverse abdominus, rectus abdominus |
| Intrapulmonary/Intra-alveolar pressure | pressure in alveoli; 0 relative to outside |
| Intrapleural pressure | pressure in cavity |
| Intrapleural Pressure during inspiration | decrease |
| Intrapleural pressure during expiration | increase |
| What happens when the thoracic wall is punctured at least to the level of the pleural cavity? | pneumothorax |
| Transpulmonary pressure | difference between lung pressure and outside pressure |
| What happens to airway resistance when bronchioles constrict? | increases |
| Mathematical relationship between air flow and resistance | inverse |
| Effects of parasympathetic stimulation (Ach) | bronchiole constriction |
| Effects of histamine application | bronchiole constriction |
| Effects of sympathetic stimulation (Epi) | bronchiole dilation |
| Lung Compliance | ease of lung expansion |
| 2 Factors on Lung Compliance | stretchability of elastic fibers and surface tension |
| Respiratory Distress Syndrome | infant doesn't have enough surfactant and alveoli and lungs collapse |
| Bronchial Sounds | produced by air rushing through the apparatus |
| Vesicular breathing sounds | sounds from air filling the alveolar sacs and sounds like rustling or a muffled breeze |
| Which sounds are heard in inhalation and exhalation? | bronchial sounds |
| Which sounds are heard only in inhalation? | Vesicular sounds |
Created by:
connorquinby
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