Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Nerves:Spinal Cord
A&P Chapter 13 Dr.Cutler
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the Spinal Cord? | Part of the Central Nervous System that extends from the brain |
| What does the Spinal Cord contain? | Bundles of sensory and motor tracts going to and from the brain |
| Sensory input to the brain is what? | Afferent |
| Motor output to the skeletal muscles and glands is what? | Efferent (exit) |
| Motor output to smooth and cardiac muscles (autonomic) is what? | Efferent (exit) |
| What is attached to the Spinal Cord? | Spinal nerves and cranial nerves |
| What do the spinal nerves and cranial nerves do? | They carry the sensory and motor messages to the body |
| What does the Spinal Cord react to? | Environmental changes |
| What are the 3 cord protective structures? | Vertebral column, Cerebrospinal Fluid, and Meninges |
| Vertebral Column | Vertebral foramina stacked on top of one another that forms a vertebral canal for protecting the spinal cord |
| Cerebrospinal Fluid | Buoyant liquid that suspends Central Nervous System tissue in weightless environment and acts as a shock absorber |
| Meninges | Protective tissue coverings around spinal cord and brain |
| The 3 Meninges | Dura Mater, Arachnoid Mater, and Pia Mater |
| Dura Mater | "Tough Mother", Superficial, Epidural given here |
| Epidural Space | Cushion of fat and connective tissue between the dura mater and wall of bony vertebral canal |
| Arachnoid Mater | "Spider Mother", Middle layer, Subarachnoid Space |
| Subarachnoid Space | Holds cerebrospinal fluid |
| Pia Mater | "Delicate Mother", Innermost layer, Directly on the Spinal Cord and Brain, Denticulate Ligaments |
| Denticulate Ligaments | Lateral, tooth-like projections that tether Spinal Cord to the Dura Mater |
| Spinal Cord External Anatomy | Extends from the Medulla Oblongata of the brain to the superior border of the Second Lumbar Vertebra (L2) |
| How long is the Second Lumbar Vertebra? | 18 inches long |
| Cervical Enlargment | Upper limb nerve exits |
| Lumbar Enlargement | Lower limb nerve exits |
| Conus Medullaris | Tapered end of cord at the L2 |
| Filum Terminale | Anchors the spinal cord to the coccyx |
| The Filum Terminale is an extension of what? | Pia Mater |
| Cauda Equina | "Horse Tail" of lower extremity nerves that begin at the Lumbar Enlargement |
| Spinal Tap/Lumbar Puncture | Long Needle thats inserted into the Subarachnoid Space |
| Purpose of the Spinal Tap/Lumbar Puncture | Withdraw Cerebrospinal Fluid, Contrast medium for Imaging, Adminstration site for Anesthetic |
| Where do you insert the needle for a Spinal Tap/Lumbar Puncture on an Adult? | L3/L4 or L4/L5 |
| What do Spinal Nerves do? | Communicate between body and spinal cord |
| How many pairs of Spinal Nerves are there? | 31 Pairs |
| How many pairs of Cervical Nerves are there? | 1-8 pairs |
| How many pairs of Thoracic Nervesn are there? | 1-12 pairs |
| How many pairs of Lumbar Nerves are there? | 1-5 pairs |
| How many pairs of Coccyx Nerves are there? | 1 pair |
| The Cauda Equina has? | Free floating nerve roots of lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal nerves that extend to the lower extremities |
| Where does the Cauda Equina start? | The Lumbar Enlargement and hangs downward |
| Where does the Cauda Equina float? | In the Cerebrospinal Fluid |
| What are Rootlets? | Small bundles of Axons that make up Roots |
| What do the Spinal Nerve Roots connect? | Nerve to Cord |
| What are the 2 different kind of Roots? | Doral and Ventral |
| Dorsal Roots | Sensory Axons from skin, muscles, and internal organs |
| Dorsal Roots contain what? | Cell bodies of the Sensory Neurons |
| Where do Dorsal Roots start and end? | Start at the Periphery (PNS) and end at the Cord |
| Ventral Roots | Motor Axons to Effectors (muscles and glands) |
| Where do Ventral Roots start and end? | Start at the Cord (CNS) and end in the Periphery |
| The Interal Anatomy of the Spinal Cord | Central Canal, Anterior Median Fissure and Posterior Median Sulcus, Horns of Gray Matter, Columns and Tracts of White Matter |
| Central Canal | Holds Cerebrospinal Fluid |
| Anterior Median Fissure and Posterior Median Sulcus | Divides the cord into left and right halves |
| Horns of Gray Matter | Dorsal, Lateral and Ventral horn |
| Dorsal Horn | Sensory In |
| Lateral Horn | Motor to Organs (autonomic) |
| Ventral Horn | Motor Out |
| Columns and Tracts of White Matter contain | Myelinated Axons in bundles called tracts that travel up and down the cord carrying information to and from the brain |
| What information travels in the Spinal Cord? | Sensory and Motor Information |
| Sensory Information travels where and how? | To the brain inside Ascending Tracts of Axons GOING UP & IN |
| Motor Information travels where and how? | From the brain or spinal cord in Descending Tracts of Axons GOING DOWN & OUT |
| Sensory Receptors in the skin detect | Stimulus |
| Where do the nerve impulse travel to? | Dorsal Branch of Spinal Nerve |
| Where do the nerve impulses enter? | The Dorsal Horn of Gray Matter |
| What do the Interneurons connect to? | Sensory to Motor |
| What is an example of a voluntary response? | When either message will ascend to the brain along the white matter tract |
| What is an example of a reflexive response? | When either message will skip the brain and go directly back out if required |
| Spinal Nerves are named according to what? | Where they emerge from cord, cervical plexus, or lumbar plexus |
| Spinal Nerves enter with what? | Sensory information at Dorsal Horn of cord |
| Spinal Nerves exit with what? | Motor information at Ventral Horn of cord |
| All Spinal Nerves are what? | Mixed |
| What do all Spinal Nerves contain? | Sensory and motor axons (mixed nerves) after they merge roots |
| What are the 3 enlargements at the cervical and lumbar exits for the arms and legs? | Cervical Plexus, Brachial Plexus, and Lumbosacral Plexus |
| Nerves that do not form a plexus | Thoracic |
| What nerves run individually between each rib (intercostal)? | Intercostal Thoracic Nerves |
| Roots between T2-T12 that do not form plexuses | Ventral Roots |
| Why are they called Intercostal Thoracic Nerves? | Each spinal nerve between T2 and T12 travels between the ribs |
| Where is the Cervical Plexus located? | In the Head and Neck |
| Where do the Cervical Plexus supply to? | The skin and muscles of head, neck and upper shoulders |
| The Cervical Plexus innervates the what? | Diaphragm |
| C3, C4, C5 has what nerve? | The Phernic Nerve |
| What Cervical Plexuses keep the diaphragm alive? | C3, C4, and C5 |
| Where is the Brachial Plexus located? | In the Arms and Hands |
| Where do the Brachial Plexus supply to? | The upper limbs and several neck and shoulder muscles |
| MARMU nerves | Musculocutaneous, Axillary, Radial, Median and Ulnar Nerves |
| What are the 3 terminal branches of the Brachial Plexus? | Radial Nerve, Median Nerve and Ulnar Nerve |
| Where is the Radial Nerve? | Innervates the back of the arm (triceps and forearm extensors) and the back of the hand |
| Where is the Median Nerve? | Forearm flexors and thumb to middle finger |
| Where is the Ulnar Nerve? | Ring finger and little finger plus the hand muscles |
| Where is the Lumbar Plexus located? | Front of Thigh |
| Where do the Lumbar Plexus supply to? | The abdominal wall, external genitals and part of lower limb |
| What the main nerve in the Lumbar Plexus? | Femoral Nerve |
| Where is the Fermoral Nerve? | In the front of the thigh |
| What is the largest nerve of the Lumbar Plexus? | The Fermoral Nerve |
| Where is the Sacral Plexus located? | The Buttocks and most of the leg |
| What nerve is in the Sacral Plexus? | The Sciatic Nerve |
| Sciatic Nerve in the back | Pain through the lower back and down the leg, to the foot |
| Cervical Nerves | C1-C2 |
| Thoracic Nerves | T1-T12 |
| Lumbar Nerves | L1-L6 |
| Sacral Nerves | S1-S5 |
| Coccygeal Nerve | C0 |
Created by:
delainaxrepola
Popular Anatomy sets