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Pol. Communication
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Adversarial Journalism | A form of reporting in which the media adopts a hostile posture towards the government and officials. Significance: Adversarial Journalism is a development in media in America. |
| Agenda Setting | Giving attention to certain issues over others, the media sets the agenda of political discourse. Significance: Agenda Setting is one aspect in the varieties of media effect. |
| Attentive Public Hypothesis | People interested in by political tune into all form of news, while the apolitical majority pays very little attention to news in any medium. Significance: The media widens the information gap between the more and less interested. |
| Audience Fragmentation | Raises concerns about the distribution of political information within society. Significance: Audience Fragmentation shapes agenda setting through social media. |
| Cheap Framing | Using low-cost cognitive frames to put political information into easily understood terms. Significance: Cheap framing furthers attention on political information and knowledge. |
| Citizen Campaigning | Revitalizing politics will mean challenging areas that have effectively become depoliticized Significance: New media can allow a citizen to do GOTV effects, fundraisers, and other attributes. |
| Civic Engagement | Organized voluntary activity focused on problem solving and helping others. Significance: Civic engagement involves engagement and political knowledge. |
| Cognitive Dissonance | Physical discomfort felt when cognitions conflict. Significance: Cognitive Dissonance is selective exposure to political information. |
| Economic Market | Where news organizations compete for the audiences and advertising revenues necessary to maintain profitability and stay in business. Significance: Allowing journalists to supply news that would allow the average American to practice their citizenship |
| Episodic Framing | Framing of individual instances or specific events it could be the story of poverty through an individual. Significance: Episodic Framing is one of the varieties of media effect. |
| Thematic Framing | Frames that present information in a general context with in-depth stories. Significance: Thematic Framing is one of the varieties of media effect. |
| Equal Time Rule | Equivalent opportunity to any opposing political candidate who request it. Significance: Equal time rule evolves how new media is in the US. |
| Fairness Doctrine | policy in the US requiring TV and radio broadcasters to present contrasting viewpoints on controversial issues of public importance. Significance: Fairness doctrine evolves how new media is in the US. |
| Framing | The power of the media to influence how events and issues are interpreted. Significance: Framing is one of the varieties of media effect. |
| Freedom of the Press | Guaranteed by the first amendment, prohibits government from interfering with the printing and distribution of information or opinions. Significance: Freedom of the press is the right the press has in the democratic process. |
| Hard News | Refers to the up-to-the-minute news and events that are reported immediately. Significance: Hard news is a type of news that involve media and political knowledge |
| Hostile Media Phenomenon | Refers to the tendency for individuals with a strong pre-existing attitude on an issue to perceive media coverage as biased against their side. Significance: Hostile Media Phenomenon is selective exposure on how people view political information. |
| Incidental Political Information | Potential to inform the uninterested and convey the mass media agenda in a novel way that supports the survival of the public agenda despite fragmented audiences. Significance: Incidental political information shapes agenda setting through social media. |
| Indexing (Hypothesis) | Predicts that most of the even-driven news soon becomes constrained by the standard journalistic practice of tying, or indexing story frames to the range of viewpoints within official decision circles, reflecting levels of official conflict. |
| Informational Regime | A set of opportunities and constraints on the management of political information that these properties create. Significance: Informational regime is the organizations and structures in politics, |
| Information Revolution | Involve chances in the structure or accessibility of information. Significance: Informational Revolution is the organizations and structures in politics, |
| Issue Public Hypothesis | People will seek out information about subjects that are particularly important or interesting to them and tune out of information about other subjects. Significance: Issue Public Hypothesis is selective exposure to how people view political information. |
| Media Entrepreneur | People who make a conscious choice to engage and solicit the media. Significance: Media entrepreneurs help frame issue to the agenda setting. |
| Media Pools | Small groups of reporters representing several print and broadcast news organizations who would work under close supervision of the Department of Defense. Significance: Media pools is a policy that limit media access. |
| New Media | Both the development of unique forms of digital media, and the remaking of more traditional media forms to adopt and adapt to the new media technologies, Significance: Digital Media and the Internet bring new media and technologies. |
| New Media Literacy | The ability to access, analyze, evaluate and communication message in a wide variety of forms. Significance: Digital Media and the internet brings new media literacy. |
| New Media Optimists | Allow for more information to more people. Significance: Using digital media to garner political/civic engagement. |
| New Media Pessimists | May enhance global divisions and economic inequality. Significance: Using digital media to garner political/civic engagement. |
| New Media Skeptics | Little change will occur. Significance: Using digital media to garner political/civic engagement. |
| Partisan Polarization Hypothesis | People avoid information that doesn't go with their beliefs. Significance: Partisan Polarization Hypothesis is selective exposure on how people view political information. |
| Penny Press | Newspapers costing only a penny. Significance: Penny press is part of the evolution of media in the US. |
| Persuasion | New information that modifies the relevant beliefs. Significance: Persuasion is the relationship between what the media suggests and what we believe. |
| Piggybacking | Attaching political information to entertainment without increasing the costs of paying attention or undermining entertainment value. Significance: Piggybacking is one of the aspects that involve media and political knowledge. |
| Political Engagement | Activity that has the intent or effect of influencing government action -- either directly... or indirectly. Significance; Using media, civic, and political engagement for political knowledge. |
| Priming | The process by which new coverage influences consideration of particular issues when making summary political evaluations. Significance: Priming is one of the aspects in the varieties of media effect. |
| Selective Exposure | Tendency to seek information that reinforces pre=existing dispositions and avoid contradictory information. Significance: Selective exposure is due to persuasion. |
| Selective Perception | People ignore, discount, or actively resist information that is inconsistent with their partisan preferences. Significance: Selective perception is due to persuasion. |
| Political Market | Elites and journalists vie with each other for control of the news. Significance: Allowing journalists to supply news that would allow the average American to practice their citizenship |
| Social Capital | Connections among individuals - social networks and the norms of reciprocity and trustworthiness that arise from them. |
| Soft News | Presented in a variety of ways, but they usually try to entertain or advise the reader in some way. Significance: Soft news is one of the aspects that involve media and political knowledge |
| Spiral of Silence Hypothesis | One's willingness to express personal opinion depends on perception of climate of public opinion. Significance: Spiral of Silence Hypothesis is an aspect in the varieties of media effect. |
| The Democratic Divide | May exist between those who do and do not used the multiple political resources available on the internet for civic engagement. Significance: The democratic divide is the potential impact of the digital world. |
| The Global Divide | Internet access between industrialized and developing countries is very different. Significance: The global divide is the potential impact of the digital world. |
| The Social Divide | Technological opportunities are unevenly distributed within society. Significance: The social divide is the potential impact of the digital world. |
| The Virtuous Circle of Independence | Refer to complex chains of events that reinforce themselves through a feedback loop. Significance: Using media, civic, and political engagement for political knowledge. |
| The Virtuous Circle | Those who are exposed to news media and part campaigns are more knowledgeable and more trusting. Significance: Using media, civic, and political engagement for political knowledge. |
Created by:
embullock
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