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Bone Tissue
A&P Chapter 6 Dr.Cutler
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the Skeletal System? | Framework of bones, cartilages, ligaments |
| What is Osteology? | Study of bone structure and treatment of bone disorders |
| What are the functions of the Skeletal System? | Support, Protection, Movement, Mineral Homeostasis, Hemopoiesis, Storage of Fat |
| What are the 7 Bone Structures? | Epiphysis, Metaphysis (growth plate), Diaphysis, Articular Cartilage, Periosteum, Medullary Cavity, Endosteum |
| What is the epiphysis? | Either end of a long bone |
| What is the metaphysis? | The Diaphysis and Epiphysis meeting point (growth plate) |
| What is the diaphysis? | The Shaft/body of a long bone |
| What is the Articular Cartilage? | Hyaline cartilage covering epiphyses (reduces friction) |
| What is the Periosteum? | Tough CT covering outside of bone (Sharpey's perforating fibers) |
| What is the Medullary Cavity? | Cavity containing fat/yellow marrow and blood vessels. Makes bones lighter |
| What is the Endosteum? | Membranous inner lining of medullary cavity |
| Where are the mineral salts deposited into? | Deposited in extracellular matrix |
| What is Calcification? | Hardness of bone |
| What helps with flexibility of the bones? | Collagen Fibers |
| What do Osteoclasts do? | Breaks bone down to release minerals |
| What are the 3 Types of Bone Cells? | Osteoblasts, Osteocytes, Osteoclasts |
| What kind of cells are Osteoblasts? | Young, immature cells |
| What kind of cells are Osteocytes? | Matue bone cells, hardens bone |
| What do Osteoclasts do? | Breaks bone down to release calcium |
| What is a Compact Bone? | Dense along diaphysis, thin at epiphysis. Protects and supports. (outer layer of bone) |
| What kind of bone makes up 80% of skeleton, contains Osteon, Central Canal and concentric lamellae ? | Compact (Cortical) Bone |
| What are lacunae? | "Little Lakes" for osteocytes |
| What are canaliculi? | "Small Channels"; Osteocytes breathe/eat/connect |
| What is a Spongy Bone? | Lightweight and provides tissue support (inside of bone) |
| What makes up 20% of skeleton, NO Osteon, Inside Bone? | Spongy (Trabecular) Bone |
| What are trabeculae? | "Little Beams"; Contains red and yellow marrow |
| What are Epiphyseal Lines? | Where the Long Bone stops growing (after puberty) |
| What are the phases of Bone Repair during a fracture? | Reactive, Reparative, Remodeling (Fear, Fix, Finish) |
| What are the types of Fractures? | Open, Comminuted, Greenstick, Impacted, Potts, and Colles |
| What does calcium homeostasis do? | Calcium Regulation |
| What does Calcitonin do? | Puts the bone in |
| What does PTH do? | Takes the bone out |
| What is Osteopenia? | Thinner and weaker bones, between ages 30-40 |
| What is Osteoporosis? | Severe bone loss |
| What is a Fossa? | Shallow, depression |
| What is a Condyle? | Rounded projection |
| What is an Epicondyle? | Raised area above a condyle |
| What is a Head? | Bony expansion on a narrow neck |
| What is a Trochanter? | Large, blunt and irregular surface |
| What is a Tuberosity? | Rounded projection |
| What is a Process? | Any bony prominence |
| What is a Crest? | Narrow, prominent ridge of bone |
| What is a Line? | Narrow ridge of bone |
| What is a Fovea? | Small pit like indent |
| What is a Tubercle? | Small rounded projection |
| What is a Ramus? | Arm like bar of bone |
| What is a Spine? | Sharp, slender projection |
| What is a Foramen? | Round or oval opening through a bone |
| What is a Fissure? | Narrow, slitlike opening |
| What is a Meatus? | Canal-like passageway |
| What is a Sinus? | Space within a bone |
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