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GI Words
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| absorption | The passage of simple nutrients into the bloodstream. |
| achlorhydric | Absence of hydrochloric acid in the stomach. |
| aerophagia | Swallowing air. |
| anal sphincter | The constricting muscle at the anus which relaxes to allow passage of stool. |
| anorectal | Pertaining to both the anus and the rectum. |
| anus | The outlet of the rectum. |
| ascending colon | First portion of the colon, extending from the cecum to the lower border of the liver. |
| buccal | Pertaining to the cheek. |
| bulimia | An eating disorder characterized by binge eating, purging, and vigorous exercise. |
| cecum | First 2-3" of the large intestine. |
| celiac | Pertaining to the abdomen. |
| cheiloplasty | Surgical repair of the lip. |
| cholangioma | Tumour of the bile duct or vessel. |
| cholecystogram | Radiographic record of the gallbladder. |
| cholelith | A gallstone. |
| choledocholithotomy | Removal of a gallstone through an incision of the bile duct. |
| colon | Also called the large intestine; it is divided into four portions and is responsible for absorption and elimination. |
| descending colon | Third continuation of the colon which joins and forms the sigmoid colon. |
| diarrhea | The passage of unformed watery bowel movements. |
| digestion | The process by which food is broken down, mechanically and chemically in the GI tract and converted into an absorbable form that can be used by the body. |
| diverticulitis | Inflammation of a sac-like bulge that may develop in the wall of the large intestine. |
| duodenum | Uppermost division of the small intestine; receives secretions to aid in digestion. |
| elimination | To pass urine from the bladder or stool from the bowel. |
| enema | The introduction of liquid into the rectum for cleansing the bowel and for stimulating evacuation of the bowels. |
| enterostomy | Surgical formation of an opening from the small intestine through the abdominal wall. |
| epiglottis | A flap of tissue covering the trachea, which prevents food and liquids from entering the airway. |
| esophagojejunostomy | Anastomosis of the esophagus and jejunum. |
| esophagus | A muscular canal which extends from the pharynx to the stomach. |
| gallbladder | An organ below the liver which stores and empties bile through its ducts into the small intestine. |
| gastritis | Inflammation of the stomach. |
| gastrointestinal system | Provides the body with nutrients, electrolytes and water by ingestion, digestion, elimination and absorption. |
| hepatomegaly | Enlargement of the liver. |
| hernia | Abnormal protrusion of an organ or tissue through the structures that normally contain it. |
| ingest | To eat. |
| ileum | Lower division of the small intestine. |
| jejunorrhaphy | Surgical repair of the jejunum. |
| jejunum | Second division of the small intestine. |
| laryngopharynx | The lower portion of the pharynx which divides into the trachea and esophagus. |
| lingual | Pertaining to the tongue. |
| liver | The largest glandular organ which functions include: producing bile, removing glucose from the blood, and storing vitamins. |
| liver scan | Radiographic visualization of the liver after injection of a radioactive substance. |
| mastication | Chewing- the first stage of digestion. |
| nasopharynx | The portion of the throat above the soft palate and behind the nose. |
| occult blood | A test in which stool samples are collected to determine gastrointestinal bleeding. |
| oropharynx | The central part of the throat between the soft palate and epiglottis. |
| pancreas | An organ which uses ducts to provide exocrine secretions to the duodenum to aid in digestion. |
| pharynx | Passageway for air from the nose to the larynx and for food from the mouth to the esophagus. |
| proctoplasty | Surgical repair or reconstruction of the rectum or colon. |
| proctologist | One who specializes in diseases of the colon, rectum, and anus. |
| rectum | Last portion of the GI tract which terminates at the anus. |
| sialolithiasis | Presence of a stone in the salivary gland. |
| sigmoid colon | A flexure of the colon which joins the descending colon and the rectum. |
| small intestine | A continuation of the GI tract responsible for absorption. Consists of the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. |
| stomach | A sac-like structure in the abdominal cavity, responsible for digestion of food. |
| stoma | An artificial opening, in this case, one from the bowel through the abdominal wall. |
| stomatitis | Inflammation of the stomach. |
| trachea | Cartilaginous tube which extends from the larynx to the bronchial tubes. |
| transverse colon | Second portion of the colon that passes horizontally across the abdomen toward the spleen. |
| ulcer | A lesion of the skin or mucous membrane which frequently develops into the duodenum or stomach. |
| ulcerative colitis | Inflammation and ulceration of the innermost lining of the colon. |
Created by:
Jessica Longboat
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