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CulturalAnthropology
Exam 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Ethnocentrism | The widespread human tendency to perceive the ways of doing things in ones own culture as normal and natural and that of others as strange and unnatural |
| Holistic | Views culture as an integrated whole no part of which can be completely understood without considering the whole |
| Enculturation | Process of learning ones culture through informal observation and formal instruction |
| Naturalized Concepts | Ideas and behaviors so deeply embedded in a culture that they are regarded as universally normal or natural |
| Acculturation | Process by which a group adjusts to living within a dominant culture while at the same time maintaining its original cultural identity |
| Global Culture | An constellation of technologies, practives, attitudes, values, and symbols that spread internationally from one broad cultural origin |
| Emic | Based on insiders views, as explanations of people have for their own cultural behavior. |
| Etic | Based on outsiders views, as explanations of peoples behavior by anthropologists or other observers |
| Cross-Cultural Comparisons | Understanding cultural differences through data analysis |
| Culture Shock | Feeling out of place in unfamiliar surroundings |
| Worldview | Culture-based way that people see the world and other people |
| Diffusion | Spread of ideas, material objects, and cultural practices from one society to another through direct and indirect culture contact. |
| Language | Any form of communication that involves symbols, displacement, and productivity. |
| Arbitrary | Based on individual judgment |
| Displacement | Ability to communicate about something that is not happening at the moment |
| Duality | Principle that sounds are arbitrarily associated with meaning |
| Productivity | Ability to join sounds and words into meaningful comninations |
| Sapir-Worf Hypotheses | The structure of a language determinesor greatly influences the modes of thought and behavior characteristic of the culture in which it is spoken |
| Dialect | A variety of a language spoken by a particular group of people, based on regional differences or social differences such as gender, class, race, or ethnicity |
| Creoles | Languages that has historic roots derived from two or more independent languages |
| Pidgin | Languages that have a simplified grammar and a limited vocabulary |
| Jargons | Specialized words or expressions speoken by people who share a particular occupation or interest |
| Subsistence patterns | Methods of obtaining food using available land and resources available labor and energy and technology |
| Carrying Capacity | The number of people who can be sustained by the resources and environment in which they live |
| Teciprocity | Principles of mutual gift giving |
| Oprimal Foraging Theory | Application of animal studies and decision theory to human foraging |
| Nomadic | People who do not have permanent homes but travel to sources of food as they become available |
| Transhumance | The practice among pastoralist of moving to new pastureland on a seasonal basis |
| Foraging | Hunting and gathering food |
| Horticulture | A strategy that focuses on small-scale farming using simple technology |
| Pastoralism | Strategy focusing on raising and caring for large herds of animals |
| Intensive Agriculture | Intensive labor to farming |
| Sedentary | Longterm permanent settlements |
| Egalitarian | All members have equal access to resources, land, wealth, and power |
| Economic System | Methods of allocating natural resources, the organization of work, and the production, dusrubution, consumption and exchange of goods |
| Potlatch | Like a potluck |
| Capitalism | An economic mode of production to gain control |
| Consumerism | Culture of consumption of goods and services |
| Ethnology | Aspect of cultural anthropology involved with building theories about cultural behaviors and forms |
| Ethnography | Aspect of cultural anthropology involved with observing and documenting peoples ways of life |
| Applied Anthropology | An area of anthropology that applies the techniques and theories of the field to problem solving outside of traditional academic settings |
| Historical Linguistics | The study of changes in language and communication over time and between peoples in contact |
| Socio-linguistics | Study of the impacts of socio-economic and cultural factors, such as gender and class, on language and communication within a society |
| Descriptive Linguistics | The brand of linguistics which describes the structure of a language or languages as they exist, withought reference to their histories or to comparison with other languages |
| Old World Archaeology | The history of man from the stone age to the beginnings of agriculture |
| New World Archaeology | New world means Americas |
| Prehistory verses history | Prehistory is a time before written records where as history has written records |
| Forensic Anthroplogy | Is the examination of skeletal remains then they can determine the gender, age, and likely the racial stature |
| Paleoanthropology | The study of the prehistoric human past dealing with fossil hominids, the science of human evolution |
| Material Culturee | A person who studies the material culture of a past society |
| Anthropology | The study of humanity, from its evolutionary origins milliions of years ago to its current worldwide diversity |
| Three classifications used to describe the consonants | Stress, Pitch, and Length |
| Six major language branches in the Indo-European language family | Baltic-Slavic, Indo-Iranian, Hellenic, Celtic, Italic, and Germanic |
| Four main subfields of Anthropology | Cultural, Linguistic, Archaeology, and Biological |
| Cultural Anthropology | the study of human culture.Examples:College professor, Museum curator, and international business consultant |
| Linguistic Anthropology | The study of language. Examples: Diplomatic communications worker, Administrator, and Domestic communications worker |
| Archaeology | The study of past cultures. Examples: state archaeologist, Zoo archaeologist, and environmental consultant |
| Biological (physical) Anthropology | The study of human origans and biological diversity. Examples: Geneticist, medical researcher, and forensic specialist |
| Six Characteristics of Culture | Culture is shared, Culture is Learned, Culture is Adaptive, Culture is integrated, Culture is based on symbols, and Culture organizes the way people think. |
| Culture is shared | Sets of expectations and attitudes that people have about appropriate behavior |
| Culture is Learned | The learning of ones cultural behaviors, attitudes, and values |
| Culture is Adaptive | Basic practices that function to satisfy peoples adaptive needs |
| Culture is Integrated | Practices and beliefs that form a coherent and consistent system. Comprehensive shared ideas about the ideal culture |
| Culture is Based of Symbols | Words, images, or objects that stand for cultural ideas or sentiments |
| Culture Organizes the way people think about the world | Ideas and behaviors that are so deepl embedded in a culture that they are regarded as universally normal or natural |
Created by:
mslita112
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