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LEC1 HEAL505
Cells and Anatomy
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Plasmalemma | Isolates; protects; is sensitive; supports; control of entrance/exit of materials |
| Cytosol | Distributes materials by diffusion; stores glycogen, pigments and other materials |
| Cytoskeleton | Strength and support; movement of cellular structures and materials |
| Microvilli | Increase surface area to facilitate absorption of extracellular materials |
| Centrosome | Essential for movement of chromosomes during cell division; organisation of microtubules in cytoskeleton |
| Cilia | Movement of materials over cell surface |
| Ribosomes | Protein synthesis |
| Mitochondria | Produce 95% of ATP required by the cell |
| Nucleus | Control of metabolism; storage and processing of genetic info; control of protein synthesis |
| Nucleolus | Site of rRNA synthesis and assembly of ribosomal subunits |
| Rough ER | Modification and packaging of newly synthesized proteins |
| Smooth ER | Lipid, steroid, and carbohydrate synthesis; calcium ion storage |
| Golgi Apparatus | Storage, alteration and packaging of secretory products and lysosomal enzymes |
| Lysosome | Intracellular removal of damaged organelles of of pathogens |
| Peroxisome | Catabolism of fats and other organic compounds; neutralization of toxic compounds generated in the process |
| Facilitated diffusion | Carrier molecules transport materials down a concentration gradient |
| Osmosis | Movement of water molecules toward high solute concentrations; requires membrane |
| Diffusion | Molecular movement of solutes; direction determined by relative concentrations |
| Active transport | Carrier molecules work despite opposing concentration gradients |
| Endocytosis | Formation of membranous vesicles containing fluid or solid material at the plasmalemma |
| Exocytosis | Fusion of vesicles containing fluids and/or solids with the plasmalemma |
| Integumentary system | protection from environmental hazards, temperature control |
| Skeletal system | Support, protection of soft tissues; mineral storage; blood formation |
| Muscular system | Locomotion, support, heat production |
| Nervous system | Directing immediate responses to stimuli, usually by coordinating the activities of other organ systems |
| Endocrine system | Directing long-term changes in the activities of other organ systems |
| Cardiovascular system | Internal transport of cells and dissolved materials, including nutrients, wastes and gases |
| Lymphoid system | Defense against infection and disease |
| Respiratory system | Delivery of air to sites where gas exchange can occur between the air and circulating blood |
| Digestive system | Processing of food and absorption of organic nutrients, minerals, vitamins, and water |
| Urinary system | Elimination of excess water, salts and waste products; control of pH |
| Reproductive system | Production of sex cells and hormones |
| Homeostasis | Maintenance of a stable environment |
| Positive feedback | Increases the intensity of the change or magnifies the change |
| Negative feedback | Returns the change variable back to normal levels |
Created by:
TeAtarua
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