Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Hormones Exam I
Hormones from endocrine and CV I/IIR
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| NO | Nitric Oxide, vasodilator and inhibitor of platelet aggregation |
| Prostacyclin (PGI2) | inhibits platelet aggregation, eicosinoid, repels platelets from vessel walls |
| CD39 (an ADPase) | inhibit platelet aggregation |
| Heparin | anticoagulant, inhibiting thrombin, in endothelial cells, paired with antithrombin III affect factors II and X |
| vWF | van Willebrand Factor, procoagulant, binds and prevents degradation of factor VIII. Platelets activate membrane receptors. Circulating and in subendothelium |
| Endothelins | proteins/cytokines that constrict blood vessels |
| Fibrinogen | inactive factor I, fibrin is active factor I, binds to platelet membrane receptor activated by vWF |
| Serotonin (5-HT) | one of three factors in platelet plug formation, also a vasoconstrictor/binds to smooth muscle |
| ADP | one of three factors in platelet plug formation enhance platelet plug formation |
| Thromboxane A2 | prostaglandin/eicosinoid, one of three factors in platelet plug formation, vasoconstrictor |
| Ca++ Ions | required for thrombus formation, in plasma phase of hemostasis |
| PF3 | Platelet Factor 3 , needed for plasma phase of hemostasis |
| Factor I | fibrinogen, protein from liver |
| Factor II | prothrombin, protein from liver, requires Vitamin K |
| Factor III | Tissue Factor, lipoprotein from damaged tissue/activated platelets. activates VII, which activates X. enters blood from outside |
| Factor IV | Ca++ ion, from bone, diet, platelets |
| Factor V | Proaccelerin, protein, from liver platelets |
| Factor VI | no longer used |
| Factor VII | Proconvertin, protein, from liver, requires Vitamin K, activates X, extrinsic pathway |
| Factor VIII | antihemophilic, protein factor (AHF), from platelets and endothelial cells |
| Factor IX | plasma thromboplastin, protein factor, from liver requires vitamin K |
| Factor X | Stuart-Power Factor, protein, from liver requires vitamin K, prothrombinase, where extrinsic and intrinsic pathways meet |
| Factor XI | plasma thromboplastin, protein antecedent (PTA), from liver |
| Factor XII | Hageman factor, protein, from liver, activated when it contacts subendothelial tissues |
| Factor XIII | Fibrin-stabilizing, protein factor (FSF), enzyme from liver and platelets, stabilizes clot by cross-linking fibrin strands |
| Vitamin K | required for liver to synthesize Factors II, VII, IX, X |
| Hemophilia A | lack of VIII, dependent on vWF, sex linked, males are active expressers, females are heterozygous |
| Hemophilia B | |
| Hemophilia A | lack of VIII, dependent on vWF, sex linked, males are active expressers, females are heterozygous |
| Hemophilia B | lack of factor IX, what ended up in the Romanov family |
| Hemophilia C | lack of factor X, not sex linked, almost always found of eastern European/Jewish decent |
| Thrombin | Factor II, strongly stimulates earlier portions of the cascade, positive feedback loops. catalyzes polymerization of fibrin |
| Antithrombin III | inhibits many clotting factors, most notably X and II, protein from liver , paired with herparin affect Factors II and X |
| Thrombomodulin | membrane protein in endothelial cells, binds with thrombin to decrease level of thrombin and inhibit clotting |
| Protein C | thrombomodulin-thrombin complex activates protein C which combines with protein S, inactivating factors V and VIII |
| Plasmin | active form of plasminogen, activated by XI, XII, tissue plasminogen activator. promotes fribrinolysis |
| Clot Busters | frequently proteolytic enzymes that cleave fibrin and allow trapped cells to escape |
| Aldosterone | steroid hormone from zona glomerulosa regulates K+ |
| Cytokines | produced by non-classically endocrine organs or tissues |
| Amino Acid Derivative Hormones | tryptophan, tyrosine = catecholamines, peptides. Derived from amino acids |
| Lipid Derivative Hormones | steroid hormones, eicosinoids |
| Eicosinoids | derivatives of membrane phospholipids , parent molecule is arachidonic acid. Four eicosinoids: prostaglandins, thromboxanes, prostacyclins, leukotrienes |
| Steroid Hormones | cholesterol is parent compound |
| Phospholipase A | acts on membrane phospholipids to produce arachidonic acid. |
| Arachidonic Acid | parent molecule for eicosinoids |
| Cyclooxygenases | eicosinoids by COX-1 and COX-2 pathways: prostaglandins, prostacyclins, thromboxanes |
| Lipoxygenase | leukotrienes, not produced by endocrine organs |
| Leukotrienes | involved in asthmatic and allergic reactions and act to sustain inflammatory reactions |
| Amino Acid and Peptide Hormones | functional <1 hour, usually not complexed with transport protein, quickly degraded: hydrophilic, lipophobic, and polar. not membrane diffusable |
| Thyroid and Steroid Hormones | circulate much longer, >99% become attached to transport protein thus larger reserve in blood: hydrophobic, lipophilic, and nonpolar. membrane diffusable |
| Parathyroid Hormone | from parathyroid principle (chief) cells, increases Ca++ blood concentration, targets kidney, and bone |
| Melatonin | from pineal pinealocytes and a derivative of amino acid tryptophan, from when it gets dark. has antioxidant activity and immune function |
| ADH | peptide neurohormone, known as vasopressin, from posterior pituitary, targets kidney for blood volume and pressure |
| Oxytocin | neurohormone, from posterior pituitary, target tissues not endocrine, primary effects parturition and lactation |
| Tropic Hormones | control activity of other endocrine glands |
| Six Hormones from Anterior Pituitary | ACTH (adrenocortico-tropic hormone), TSH (thyroid-stimulating hormone), LH (leutinizing hormone), FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone), prolactin, GH (growth hormone) |
| Thyroglobulin | synthesized by follicular cells, precursor to thyroid hormones, stored in follicle as a gelatinous colloid |
| T3 | triiodothyronine, made from tyrosine and iodine, stimulates growth related processes in general and osteogenesis in particular. receptor located in nucleus or cytoplasm |
| T4 | thyroxine, from tyrosine and iodine, converted to T3 in blood |
| Thyroid Binding Globulin (TBG) | transports T3 |
| Calcitonin | made in parafollicular/C cells, targets bone/kidneys, decreases Ca concentrations in body fluids, opposed by PTH |
| ACTH | adrencorticotropic hormone, targets adrenal gland zona fasciculata, increases cortisol |
| Cortisol | promotes gluconeogenesis, has effects on immune system |
| CRH | corticotropin releasing hormone, stimulates ACTH to go to kidney to increase cortisol |
| DHEA | dehydroepiandrosterone, primary androgen secreted by zona reticularis, a steroid precursor to testosterone, calls for secondary sex characteristics in males |
| hGH | somatotropin, direct effects are anabolic, releasing energy, and stimulating growth, indirect effects mediated by somatomedins |
| Somatomedins | liver hormones stimulated by hGH |
| IGF-1 | insulin-like growth factor, most important somatomedin, associated with osteogenesis, strong effect on cartilage, bone, and skeletal muscle growth |
| LH | leutinizing hormone, develops from the ovulating follicle –binds to leydig/interstitial cells to secrete testosterone in males |
| FSH | follicle stimulating hormone, gamete production ova/sperm, target seminiferous tubule nurse cells in males, meiotic divisions for haploid sperm |
| Albuminss | maintaining partitioning of water between plasma and interstitial fluid |
| Alpha and Beta Globulins | enzymatic activity and/or are transport proteins, made in liver |
| Gamma globulins | antibodies, made by plasma cells, lymphocytes |
| Hemoglobin | protein A2B2 polypeptide chains and 4 heme groups |
| EPO | erythropoieton, made by peritubular fibroblasts of the renal cortex, regulating RBC numbers, causing myeloid stem cells to turn into RBCs |
| Transferrin | transports Fe in and out of the liver |
| Bilirubin | Fe deficient hemoglobin, released into blood causing plasma to be yellow |
| Bile | incorporates bilirubin, essential for proper absorption of dietary lipids |
Created by:
connorquinby
Popular Anatomy sets