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AnP Ch 5
Chapter 5
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Epidermis | Superficial Region. Consist of epithelial tissue and is avascular |
| Dermis | Underlies epidermis. Mostly fibrous connective tissue. Vascular. |
| Hypodermis | Superficial Fascia. Subcutaneous layer deep to skin. |
| Keratinocytes | produce fibrous keratin. Top layer of skin. |
| Melanocytes | Produce pigment Melanin. |
| Dendritic | Langerhans cells. Star shaped macrophages. |
| Tactile | Merkel Cells. Sensory receptors that sense touch. |
| Thick skin | contains 5 layers and is found in high abrasion areas. Hands and feet. |
| Thin skin | contains only 4 strata. |
| Stratum Basale | Basel Layer. Deepest. Produces new cells. |
| Stratum Spinosum | Prickly Layer. Keratinicytes in this layer appear spikey. |
| Stratum Granulosum | Granular layer. Keratinization begins. Dehydrate. |
| Stratum Lucidum | Found only in thick skin. |
| Stratum Corneum | Horny layer. hard moister barrier. Most prodominat layer. shingles stacked up. |
| Apoptosis | program cell death. |
| Dermis | true skin. good stuff. strong flexible, fibroblast and macrophages. Nerves and blood vessels. Hair folicles. oil glands and sweat glands. |
| Papillary Layer | Loose fibers allow phagocytes to patrol for microorganisms. |
| Dermal Papillae | sends finger like projections up into epidermis. bumps and ridges in dermis |
| Friction Ridges | Enhance gripping ability. Finger Prints |
| Reticular Layer | Predominate layer. 80%of dermal thickness. |
| Cutaneous Plexus | Network of blood vessels |
| Flexure Lines | Dermal folds at or near joints. lines in the bends from lots of movement. |
| Striae | Stretch Marks |
| Melanin | Pigments. Melanasites make it. made in skin. |
| Carotene | Yellow to orange pigment. Can be converted to vitamin A. |
| Hemoglobin | Pinkish hue of fair skin is due to lower levels of melanin. |
| Homeostatic Imbalance | excessive sun expossure damages skin. elastic fibers clump causeing skin to become leathery. |
| Cyanosis | Blue skin color. low oxyenation |
| Erythema | Red. Fever, Hypertension, allergy |
| Pallor | Blanching or pale color. Pass out |
| Jaundice | Yellow cast. liver disorders. |
| Hairs | also called pili. hard keratin. |
| Shaft | area that extends above scalp. |
| Root | Living part. area with in scalp |
| Parts of hair shaft | Medulla, Cortex and Cuticle |
| Medulla | Central core of large cells and air spaces |
| Cortex | Several layers of flattened cells surrounding medulla |
| Cuticle | Outer layer consisting of overlapping layers of single cells. |
| Hair matrix | activily dividing area of bulb that produces hair cells. |
| Arrector Pili | small band of smooth muscle attached to follicle. |
| Vellus Hair | Vellum. pale, fine body hair on newborns. |
| Terminal Hair | coarse long hair. Scalp and eyebrows. |
| Hirsutism | Facial hair in male pattern on a female. |
| Alopecia | hair loss in both sexes after age 40 |
| Nail matrix | thickened portion of bed responsible for nail growth. |
| Nail Folds | skin folds that overlap border of nail |
| Eponychium | nail fold that projects onto surface of nail body. Cuticle |
| Hyponychium | Area under free edge of plate that accumulates dirt |
| Sudoriferous Glands | Sweat glands. |
| Eccrine | Merocrine, sweat glands on palms. Soles and forehead. |
| Apocrine | sweat glands on axillary and groin from puberty. |
| Ceruminous Glands | lining of external ear canal. secreate ear wax. |
| Mammary Glands | secrete milk |
| Sebaceous Glands | Widly distributed oily holocrine secretion. |
| Protection | Chemical, Physical and Biological barrier |
| Chemical Barrier | Skin secretes many chemicals like sweat |
| Acid mantle | low pH of skin retards bacterial multiplation. |
| Physical Barrier | Flat and dead. Stratum Corneum. Block most water. |
| Biological Barrier | Epidermis contains phagocytic cells. Dermis contains macrophages. DNA can absorb harmful UV radiation. |
| Body Temp Regulation | Under normal temp sweat glands produce about 500 ml a day of unsociable sweat. |
| Cutaneous Sensory receptors | Nervous system. outside stimulation. |
| Metabolic Functions | skin can synthesize vitamian D needed for calcium absorption in intestine. |
| Keratinocytes | Produces protein. activate hormones |
| Basal Cell Carcinoma | Least milignant and most common. Sun exposed areas. grows slowly |
| Squamuos cell carcinoma | second most common type. can metastasize if left long enough. |
| Melanoma | Most dangerous, highly metastatic and resistant to chemotherapy. |
| The Rule of Nine | The burn percentage of the body. |
| First degree | Epidermal damage only. Red does not blanch. |
| Second degree | Epidermal and upper dermal damage. Blisters appear. |
| Third Degree | Entire thickness of skin involved. requires a graft to heal. |
| Dedridement | Removal of dead skin tissue. |
Created by:
Jaytee07
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