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Test 2
Gross Anatomy
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Superficial Muscle Group | Trapezius latissimus dorsi |
| Middle Back muscle group | rhomboid major and minor levator scapulae |
| Deep Back Muscle Group | Erector spinae, serratus posterior |
| Trapezius Attachments | occipital bone, nuchal ligament, vertebral spines, spine of scapula, acromion process, distal clavicle |
| nuchal | back of neck |
| nucal ligament attachment points | vertebral prominens, all vertebral spines, |
| nuchal ligament prevents | hyperflexion of neck |
| Latissimus function | adduction of shoulder and humerus, extension of humerus and shoulder, medial rotation of humerus |
| Levator Scapulae attachments | cervical transverse processes, vertebral border of scapula |
| Rhomboid attachments | vertebral spines, vertebral border of scapula |
| Rhomboid group functions | elevation of scapula, retraction of scapula, downward rotation of scapula |
| splenius attachments | vertebral spines, mastoid process, upper cervical transverse processes |
| Semisplinalis capitis attachments | vertebral transverse proc's, occipital bone |
| Nuchal Function | extend neck, rotate neck, laterally flex head |
| erector spinae | spinalis, longissimus, iliocostalis |
| Erector spinae functions | stabilize spine, extend spine, rotate trunk, laterally flex trunk |
| Serratus posterios | superior, inferior, respiratory functions |
| Spinal cord is stabilized by | anterior articulations, posterior (synovial) articulations (zygapophyseal, rib joints), interspinal ligaments, muscles |
| Anulus fibrosus | fibrocartilage, fibers arranged circularly |
| nucleus pulposis | elastic, cartilage-like ball, semifluid |
| Herniated slipped disk | nucleus pulposis is forced out of its normal position, goes through annulus, usually moves posterorly, may impinge spinal nerves |
| Interspinal ligaments | run between adjacent verts, limit movement.Anterior and posterior longitudinal, interspinous & supraspinous, ligamentum flavum |
| Meninges | connective tissue that protect the CNS, |
| 3 layers of spinal cord protection | dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater |
| Capitulum articulates with the | radius |
| Trochlea articulates with the | ulna |
| Hand consist of | 8 carpals, 5 metacarpals, 14 phalanges |
| Metacarpal composed of | head, base, shaft |
| Fingers consist of | 14 phalanges, 3 each finger with 2 on thumb |
| Radiocarpal joint | formed b/w distal end of radius, scaphoid, and lunate |
| Triangular fibrocartilage | permits the hand to move independently of the ulna during supination and pronation of the radius |
| Pisiform DOES NOT | contribute to radiocarpal joint |
| Intercarpal joints | joints b/w carpals |
| Midcarpal joint | intercarpal joints that fall b/w the proximal and distal row of carpals |
| Carpometacarpal Joints | Fall b/w distal row of carpals and the bases of the metacarpals |
| Greater Occipital nerve emerges | through the sup fibers fo trapezius near the origin of the skull |
| Triangle of Auscultation | small triangular gap medial to the scapula b/w trapezius and latissimus dorsi |
| Rhomboids are supplied by | dorsal scapular nerve and the descending scapular artery and vein |
| Portion of the neural arc in the spinal column that connects the transverse spines and zygapophyses laterally with the dorsal spine on the midline | Lamina |
| Superficial muxcle of the hypothenar eminence on anterolateral aspect of the 5th metacarpal. | Abductor digiti minimi |
| Muscle that arises from the pisiform and inserts on the ULNAR side of the base of the proximal phalanx. | Abductor digiti minimi |
| What is the ligament that connects the dorsal spines of the vertebrae the entire length of the spine. | Supraspinous Ligament. |
| Ligament that forms the ligamentum nuchae in the cervical region. | Supraspinous Ligament. |
| Ligament that joins the dorsal spines of successive vertebrae. | Interspinous Ligament |
| Describe the difference between the the interspinous and supraspinous ligaments. | Interspinous are ligaments that run between each spinous process and the supra(above)spinus is continuous attaching all spinus processes. |
| Which ligament attaches to the skull as well as the spinus processes? What is the area called that attaches to the skull | Supraspinous ligament and Ligamentum nuchae. |
| Tough outermost layer of meninges around the spinal cord. | Dura Mater |
| List the 3 protective layers covering the spinal cord proximal to distal | Pia mater Arachnoid mater and Dura mater |
| The CSF is located between which two layers covering the spinal cord? | Arachnoid mater and Pia mater |
| Area filled with CSF and veins draining the spinal cord. | Subarachnoid Space. |
| Spinal nerve - several fiber bundles, or rootlest, emerging from the posterior portion of the spinal cord | Dorsal root |
| Spinal nerve - several fiber bundles, or rootlest, emerging from the anterior portion of the spinal cord | Ventral root |
| Which nerve roots are responsible for delivering motor messages | Ventral roots |
| Which nerve roots are responsible for delivering Sensory messages | Dorsal roots |
| Ligament formed by the pia mater. Extends laterally and connects to the dura. | Denticulate Ligament |
| This ligament is anteriorly placed and allows for anterior flexibility during abduction | Coracoacromial ligament |
| This ligament prevents independent movement of the clavicle and scapula in the vertical plane | Coracoclavicular ligament |
| Interspinal ligaments function is to | protect exiting spinal nerves |
| When will anterior ligament be tightest? | extension of spine |
| when will post ligament be tightest? | flexion of spine |
| How mant spinal nerves come off cervial vertebrae | 8 because 2 come off C1 |
| How many total spinal nerves? | 31 pair total |
| myotomes | muscle area innervated by spinal nerves |
| What anchors the spinal cord? | Filum terminale |
| What are the attachment points of serratus anterior? | most ribs and medial border of scapula |
| Function of serratus anterior | protraction of scapula, upward rotation of scapula |
| What two muscles are synergist to move humerus | pectoralis major and latissimus dorsi |
| What 4 muscles make up rotatot cuff? | supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, subscapularis |
| Scapula floats in an envelope of muscle on the thorax and its only bony attachement point is the acromion | True |
| Function of rotator cuff muscles is | stabilize and hold humeral head on the glenoid, adjustory movements of the humeral head, rotational movements of humeral head |
| Rotator cuff muscles are NOT primary movers of the shoulder | TRUE |
| Teres Major attachement points | lateral border of scapula and interbercular sulcus of anterior humerus |
| function of Teres major | same as latissimus dorsiadduction of humerusextension of humerusmedial rotation of humerus |
| Deltoid attachment points | distal clavicle, acromion process, lateral scapular spine, humeral midshaft (deltoid tuberosity) |
| Function of deltoid | when the shoulder is in neutral, full deltoid contraction produces elevation of the humeral head. This action resist downward pull from gravity and loads |
| Funtion of deltoid cont | abduction of shoulder, early in abd the rot cuff m. contract to offset deltoid elevation, keeping the head aligned on the glenoid |
| Anterior deltoid | assist with horizontal flexion |
| posterior deltoid | assist with horizontal extension |
| What holds the clavicle in place | 1. thorax 2. muscle attachments |
| This joint has thickening of fibrous joint capsule and includes a fibrous articular disc that stabilizes the joint during abd of the shoulder | Acromioclavicular ligament |
| Shoulder separation occurs | subluxation of the AC joint, downward blow to the acromion, clavicle remains in place |
| This ligament contains and protects the suprascapular nerve | Suprascapular ligament |
| This ligament connects greater and lesser tubercles of the humerus and holds the long head of the biceps in place | Transverse humeral ligament |
| This ligament connects proximal clavicle to costal cartilage of rib #1 | Costoclavicular ligament |
| Dislocation of the humeral head requires trauma to BOTH sides of the capsule | True |
| This ligament is important in inhibiting anterior translation of the head | Glenohumeral ligaments |
| What is housed within the quadrangler space? | axillary nerve and posterior humeral circumflex artery and vein |
| What is housed within the triangular space? | Circumflex scapular branch of the subscapular artery |
| The suprascapular nerve supplies | supraspinatus and infraspinatus muscles |
| What happens if the serratus is paralyzed? | Winged scapula occurs- the vertebral border protrudes dorsally under the skin |
| Medial rotation of humerus tightens | posterior portion of the capsule |
| Circumduction rotation of humerus tightens | the entire capsule |
Created by:
mclisu
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