Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Neurology Chapter 1
Neuro
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Frontal Lobe | Thinking/Personality Center (Personality change after trauma). Two cortexes - sensory & motor. |
| Sensory Cortex | Frontal Lobe - Post central gyrus |
| Motor Cortex | Frontal lobe - Precentral gyrus (thicker) |
| Parietal Lobe | Receptive speech (hearing) |
| Temporal Lobe | Expressive speech (talking) - contralateral to the dominante side |
| Occipital Lobe | Vision Center |
| Cerebellum | Execution of Smooth Movements. Supplied by superior, anterior inferior and posterior inferior cerebellar arteries. |
| Basal Ganglia | Controls nonpurposal (unintentional) movement (ex. Parkinson's - Pill rolling) |
| Brainstem | Mid brain, Pons & medulla (continuous with the spinal cord) |
| Meninges | Pia, Arachnoid & Dura |
| CSF | Made in the choroid plexus in the lateral ventricles (Subarachnoid Space) -> 3rd ventricle (anterior to brain stem) -> 4th ventricle -> medial foramina magendie & two lateral foramin luschka. Reabsorbed by the arachnoid granulations then to dural sinuses. |
| Hydrocephalizaion caused by | Damaged arachnoid granulations |
| Blood thinner herbs | Ginko, Garlic & ginsing. Together they are more potent than coumadin. |
| Licorice Root | Increase blood pressure |
| Recommended hours of sleep per night | 8-10 |
| Gloscow Coma Scale | Motor Response: 1-6Eye Opening: 1-4Verbal: 1-5 |
| Orientation questions - inorder | Time, Place, Person |
| Spelling questions - in order | World (5) - Hand (4) - Cat (3) |
| Papiledema (Opthamoscopic Exam) | Loss of venous pulsation |
| Hypoglossal lesion | Tongue deviates toward lesion |
| Strength Grade | 5 - Full force4 - Less force3 - Against gravity2 - Lateral Movement1 - No movement |
| Biceps reflex | C5** & C6 |
| Brachioradialis reflex | C5 & C6** |
| Triceps Reflex | C7** & C8 |
| Patellar Reflex | L3** & L4 |
| Achilles Reflex | S1** & S2 |
| Babinskis | S1 or above UMN lesion |
| Meningeal Irritation S&S | Posterior HA, Fever & altered mental status |
| Coordination Testing (Basal Ganglia & Cerebellum) | Finger-Nose, Heel-Shin, Rapid alternating movements & balance. |
| Basal Ganglia VS. Cerebellum | BG - Tremor @ rest that disappears with movement. |
| Peripheral Nerve Lesions | Dermatome or myotome distribution. Radicular Pain. LMN signs. |
| CNS Lesions | General deficits within an extremity. Loss of sensation. UMN signs. |
| Spinal Cord Lesions | UMN & Dermatome defect or Dissociation of sensation modalities |
| When to use lumbar punture for Dx. | Meningitis, encephalitis, meningeal cancer, GBS (Guillain-Barré Syndrome ), acute demyelinating disorders, bengin intracranial hypertension, seizure, storke, polyneuropathy, subarachnoid hemorrhage (must CT scan prior to r/o brain herniation) |
| Post Lumbar puncture | Patient lies supine for 6 hours to minimize HA & postential CSF leak |
| CT Pros & Cons | Pro - cheap, fast, good blood localization & decrease in claustrophobia.Cons- Poor visualization of posterior fossa, cervical structures, and acute changes |
| MRI Pros & Cons | Pros - Visualizes posterior fossa, cervical structures, soft tissues and acute changes well.Cons - Expensive, long, small area, patients cant be on ventilation or have metal implants. |
| CT myelogram | Dye w/in subarachnoid space. Visualization around spinal cord. |
| EMG (Evoked potential studies) | Localizes lesion. Elucidates etiology of nerve damage (metabolic, polyneuropathy, radiculopathy, myelopathy or compressive. |
| EEG | Localizes defect. Can be used to determine brain death or coma. |
| Tracts | 4 sensory & 1 motor |
| Sensory Tracts | Spinothalamic, Posterior Column, Spinal Cerebellar |
| Spinothalamic Tract | Pain, temperature & light touch. Enters spinal cord & decussates (crossover) 1 or 2 levels up from entry location. Terminates in sensory cortex. |
| Posterior Column | Conscious stereognosis (3-D object discrimination), proprioception & light touch.Enters spinal cord and travels to medulla. Decussates at medulla and follows medial limbicus to sensory cortex. |
| Spinal Cerebellar Tract | Unconscious proprioception. Always stays ipsilateral to the sensory cortex. Patient leans toward the side of the cerebellar lesion. |
| Motor Tract | UMN (everything before spinal junction)-> crosses medulla -> corticospinal tract -> alpha interneuron -> LMN |
| UMN Dz. S&S | Hyoerreflexic. Spastic (tough to move). No atrophy to muscles. No vesiculation (twitch). Positive babinskis sign. |
| Babinskis sign | Toes fan & ankle, knee, hip dorsiflex & patient withdraws. |
| LMN Dz. S&S | Hyporeflexic. Flaccid. Atrophy. Vesiculation (Twitches). Normal (negative) babinskis. |
Created by:
147401391
Popular Clinical Skills sets