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Ch 10-Nervous System
The Language of Medicine 11th Edition
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Microscopic branching fiber of a nerve cell that is the first part to receive the nervous impulse: | Dendrite |
Largest part of the brain: | Cerebrum |
The outermost layer of the meninges: | Dura Mater |
A type of neuroglial cell that transports water and salts from capillaries: | astrocyte |
Part of the brain responsible for coordinating muscle movements and maintaining balance: | cerebellum |
Covering of white fatty tissue that surrounds and insulates the axon of a nerve cell | myelin sheath |
Canals in the brain that contain cerebrospinal fluid: | ventricles |
The part of the brain that controls sleep, appetite, body temperature, and the secretions from the pituitary gland: | hypothalamus |
Chemical messenger released at the end of a nerve cell: | neurotransmitter |
Space through which a nervous impulse travels between nerve cells or between nerve and muscle or glandular cells: | synapse |
Microscopic fiber that carries the nervous impulse along a nerve cell: | axon |
Posterior portion of the brain that connects the cerebrum with the spinal cord: | brainstem |
Collection of spinal nerves below the end of the spinal cord: | cauda equina |
Collection of nerve cell bodies in the peripheral nervous system: | ganglion |
Part of the brain just above the spinal cord that controls breathing, heartbeat, and size of blood vessels: | medulla oblongata |
Main relay center of the brain: | thalamus |
Sheet of nerve cells that forms a rounded ridge on the surface of the cerebral cortex: | gyrus |
Depression or groove in the surface of the cerebral cortex: | sulcus |
Three protective membranes that surround the brain and spinal cord: | meninges |
Thin, delicate inner membrane of the meninges: | pia mater |
The combining form that means brain: | -encephal/o |
The combining form that means spinal cord: | -myel/o |
The combining form that means nerve: | -neur/o |
The combining form that means nerve root: | -radicul/o |
The combining form that means burning: | -caus/o |
The combining form that means feeling: | -esthesi/o |
The combining form that means word or phrase: | -lex/o |
The suffix that means strength: | -sthenia |
The suffix that means pain: | -algia |
The suffix that means seizure: | -lepsy |
A subdural hematoma means a collection of blood under (sub-) the ________ (dur/o). | dura mater |
Encephalitis is inflammation (-itis) of the ________ (encephal/o). | brain |
Poliomyelitis is inflammation (-itis) of the gray matter (polio-) of the ________ (myel/o). | spinal cord |
Neuropathy is disease (-pathy) of ________ (neur/o). | nerves |
Radiculitis is inflammation (-itis) of the _______ (radicul/o). | nerve roots |
Neuralgia is _______ (-algia) of the nerves (neur/o). | pain |
Bradykinesia is slowness (brady-) of ________ (-kinesia). | movement |
Hemiparesis is ________ (-paresis) in either the right or left half (hemi-) of the body. | weakness |
Ataxia is a condition of no (a-) muscular ________ (tax/o) | coordination |
Quadriplegia is ________ (-plegia) of all four (quadri-) limbs of the body. | paralysis |
Abnormal accumulation of fluid in the brain: | hydrocephalus |
Congenital defects in the lumbar spinal column caused by imperfect union of vertebral parts: | spina bifida |
Brain disorder marked by gradual and progressive dementia, personality changes, and impairment of daily functioning: | AD |
Degenerative disorder of motor neurons in the spinal cord and brainstem: | ALS |
Chronic brain disorder characterized by recurrent seizure activity: | epilepsy |
Destruction of the myelin sheath on neurons in the CNS and its replacement by plaques of sclerotic tissue: | MG |
Autoimmune neuromuscular disorder characterized by weakness of voluntary muscles: | myasthenia gravis |
Disease of involuntary, spasmodic, twitching movements, uncontrollable vocal sounds, and inappropriate words: | Tourette syndrome |
Bruising of brain tissue as a result of direct trauma to the head: | cerebral contusion |
Disruption in the normal blood supply to the brain; stroke: | CVA |
X-ray imaging of the arterial blood vessels in the brain after injection of contrast material: | cerebral angiography |
A method of treatment for myasthenia gravis: | thymectomy |
Radioactive glucose is injected and then detected in the brain to image the metabolic activity of cells: | PET scan |
Recording of the electrical activity of the brain: | EEG |
Samples of CSF are examined: | cerebrospinal fluid analysis |
X-ray technique that generates multiple computerized images of the brain and spinal cord: | CT scan |
Magnetic field and pulses of radiowave energy are used to create images of the brain and spinal cord: | MRI |
Use of sound waves to detect blood flow in the carotid and intracranial arteries: | Doppler ultrasound studies |
CSF is withdrawn from between two lumbar vertebrae for analysis: | lumbar puncture |
Use of a specialized instrument to locate and treat targets in the brain: | stereotactic radiosurgery |