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SA Anatomy
Introduction to Nervous System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Define Nervous System | It regulates the body reactions to environmental changes |
| List the Components of the CNS | Brain (encephalon) Spinal Cord (Medulla Spinalis) |
| List the components of the PNS | Cranial Nerves Spinal Nerves |
| What is another name for Brain? | Encephalon |
| What is another name for Spinal Cord? | Medulla Spinalis |
| There are significant differences in the NS between species. The _________ is more complex in lower animals. | Rhinencephalon |
| In humans, the __________ __________ is anatomically different and shows the greatest functional elaboration. | Cerebral Cortex. |
| The two types of cell types in the NS are: | Neurons Neuroglia |
| What is the functioning unit of the NS? | Neuron |
| Which cell type is the supporting cell in the NS? | Neuroglia |
| What are the 2 types of Neurons? | Presynaptic Postsynaptic |
| Name the types of Synapses (3) | Axosomatic Axodendritic Axoaxonic |
| Where are synapses located in the CNS and Peripheral Nervous System? | CNS - within the grey matter Peripheral - ganglia |
| What are the functions of Satellite Cells? | Surround the neuron cell bodies in the ganglia Regulate Oxygen, Carbon Dioxide, nutrients, and neurotransmitter levels around the neurons in ganglia. |
| What are the functions of Schwann Cells? | Surround all axons in Peripheral NS. They are responsible for myelination of peripheral axons. Participate in repair process after injury. |
| What are the functions of Oligodendrocytes and where are they found? | Myelinate CNS axons and provide structural framework. |
| What is the function of the Astrocyte? | Maintain the blood brain barrier Absorb and recycle Neurotransmitters |
| What is the function of the Ependymal Cell? | Line ventricles in the brain Line the central canal in the Spinal Cavity Assist in producing and monitoring of Cerebrospinal fluid. |
| What is the function of Microglia? | Removes cell debris, wastes, and pathogens by phagocytosis. |
| Define "tracts" or fascicles | A collection of axons with common origin and destination |
| Define "columns" or funiculi | Anatomically distinct collection of tracts. |
| Define Reflex | An immediate, involuntary motor response to a stimulus for maintenance of homeostasis |
| What are the steps of the Reflex Arc? | Activation of Receptor Activation of Sensory Neuron Information Processing Activation of Motor Neuron Response of Effector |
| In monosynaptic transmissions, the Sensory neuron sends a signal to the ______ ______ | Sensory Neuron --> Motor Neuron |
| In polysynaptic transmissions, the Sensory neuron sends a signal to the _________ and then to the ______ _______ | Sensory Neuron --> Interneuron --> Motor Neuron |
| What is the best known reflex? | Patellar (Stretch) Reflex |
| GSA (General Somatic Afferent) is distributed by _____ Nerves and ______ _____ ___ | Distributed by Spinal Nerves and Cranial Nerve 5 |
| What are the 3 types of Receptors for GSA? | Exteroceptors Proprioceptors Viscera |
| Which system is known as the "Pain touch temperature" system? | GSA |
| SSA has receptors in what 2 places? | Retina Inner Ear |
| Define Hypalgesia | Poor response to pain |
| SSA is distributed via what 2 Cranial Nerves? | Distributed by Spinal Nerves and Cranial Nerve 2 and 8 |
| GVA is distributed by which 3 Cranial Nerves? | Cranial Nerves 7, 9 , 10 |
| GVA also includes what 2 nerves of the ANS? | Vagus - PNS Splanchnic - SNS |
| Which would experience "visceral pain"? GVA, GVE, GSA, GSE | GVA experiences this. |
| SVA is distrubed by which 4 Cranial Nerves? | CN 1, 7, 9, 10 CN 1 is smell CN 7, 9, 10 are taste |
| The Efferent portion of the PNS is referred to as ___ ____ ____. | Lower Motor NeuronsS |
| What does Macrosmatic mean? | Sensitive Sense of smell. |
| GSE is distributed by Cranial Nerves? (4) | Cranial Nerves 3, 4, 6, 12 |
| GVE is distrubted by the ANS. What part does SNS distribute to? Which does PNS distribute to? | SNS - Sympathetic Trunk. PNS - CN 3, 7, 9, 10 |
| GVE supplies which 3 things? | Supplies smooth muscles, cardiac muscles, and glandular epithelium. |
| SVE is distributed by which CN? (5) | Distributed by CN 5, 7, 9, 10, 11 |
| The SVE supplies what things? | Muscles of Mastication, Facial muscles, palate, pharynx, larynx, esophagus and Cervical Muscles. |
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