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Chapter 12
Respiratory System
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| adenoid hypertrophy | Increased development |
| adenoidectomy | Removal of the adenoids |
| adenoids | Small masses of lymphatic tissue in the throat, close to the nasal (nose) passageway. |
| alveolar | Pertaining to the alveolus |
| alveolus (plural: alveoli) | An individualized section of an air sac in the lung. |
| anosmia | Loss of the sense of smell. |
| anthracosis | Abnormal condition of coal dust in the lungs; black lung disease. |
| apex of the lung | Uppermost portion of the lung. |
| apical | Pertaining to the tip of an organ. |
| apnea | Without breathing. |
| asbestosis | Abnormal condition of asbestos fiber particles in the lungs. |
| asphyxia | Deficient oxygen and increased carbon dioxide in the bloodstream. |
| asthma | Chronic inflammation disorder characterized by airway obstruction and caused by bronchial edema, bronchoconstriction, and increased mucus production. |
| atelectasis | Collapsed lung. |
| auscultation | Listening for sounds in the chest and abdomen using a stethoscope. |
| bacilli | Rod-shaped bacteria that are the cause of tuberculosis. |
| base of the lung | The lower portion of the lung. |
| bronchial alveolar lavage | Irrigation or washing of a bronchus by injecting fluid through a bronchoscope and then removing it to analyze the content. |
| bronchiectasis | Abnormal widening bronchial tubes. |
| bronchioles | Small bronchial tubes. |
| bronchiolitis | Inflammation of the bronchiole. |
| bronchodilator | Agent that dilates (widens) blood vessels and relieves bronchospasm. |
| bronchoscopy | Visual examination of the bronchial tubes using an endoscope or bronchoscope. |
| bronchospasm | Involuntary muscular contractions in bronchial tubes leading to the narrowing of the bronchi. |
| bronchus | Branch of the trachea that leads toward the air sacs of the lung. |
| carbon dioxide | Gas produced in tissue cells when oxygen and food combine. |
| chest tomograms | Series of x-ray images that reveal the chest in-depth (layers or sections of the lung). |
| chronic bronchitis | Inflammation of the bronchi persisting over a long period of time. |
| chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | Lung and bronchial tube conditions that block and damage airways and persist over a long period of time. Examples are chronic bronchitis and emphysema. |
| cilia | Thin hairs that line the nasal passageway and tubes of the respiratory tract. |
| computed tomography of the chest | Computer generated x-ray images showing thoracic structures in cross-section. |
| cor pulmonale | Enlargement of the right side of the heart due to lung disease. |
| croup | Acute viral infection |
| cyanosis | Abnormal condition of bluish coloration of the skin. |
| cystic fibrosis | Inherited disorder of exocrine glands resulting in mucous secretions that do drain normally. |
| diaphragm | Muscle that separates the chest and abdomen; aids breathing. |
| diphtheria | Acute infection of the throat caused by diphtheria bacteria; characterized by formation of a thick membrane that obstructs the throat and breathing. |
| dysphonia | Abnormal voice or sound produced by speaking. |
| dyspnea | Difficult breathing. |
| emphysema | Hyperinflation of air sacs with destruction of alveolar walls. |
| empyema | Pus in the pleural space (cavity) surrounding the lung. |
| endotracheal intubation | Tube is place through the mouth and throat into the trachea to establish an airway. |
| epiglottis | Thin piece of cartilage that covers the entrance to the voice box and windpipe when a person is swallowing. |
| epiglottitis | Inflammation of the epiglottis. |
| epistaxis | Nosebleed. |
| expectoration | Coughing up mucus or sputum from the throat and respiratory tract. |
| expiration | Process of breathing out or exhalation. |
| exudate | Fluid, cells, or other substances that slowly leave cells or capillaries through pores or breaks in cell membranes. |
| glottis | Slit-like opening between the vocal folds of the larynx. |
| hemoptysis | Spitting up blood form the respiratory tract. |
| hemothorax | Blood in the chest (pleural cavity) surrounding the lungs. |
| hilar | Pertaining to the hilum. |
| hilum of the lung | Midline region where the bronchi, blood vessels, and nerves enter and exit the lungs. |
| hydrothorax | Water or fluid that accumulates in the pleural space surrounding the lungs. |
| hypercapnia | Increased levels of carbon dioxide in the bloodstream. |
| hypernea | Increase in breathing rate. |
| hypoxia | Deficiency of oxygen in tissues. |
| infiltrate | fluid-filled area within the lungs as seen on a chest x-ray or CT scan. |
| inspiration | Act of breathing in or inhalation. |
| laryngeal | Pertaining to the larynx or voice box. |
| laryngitis | Inflammation of the larynx or voice box. |
| laryngoscopy | Endoscopic visual examination of the larynx. |
| laryngospasm | Involuntary contraction of muscles surrounding the voice box. |
| larynx | Voice box. |
| lobectomy | Removal of a lobe or section of an organ, such as the lung. |
| lung biopsy | Surgical removal of lung tissue followed by microscopic examination of cells. |
| lung cancer | Malignant tumor arising from the lungs and bronchial tubes. |
| magnetic resonance imaging of the chest | Magnetic waves are used to produce images of the chest in all three planes of the body. |
| mediastinoscopy | Endoscopic visual examination of the mediastinum. |
| mediastinum | Part of the thoracic (chest) cavity between the lungs. |
| mesothelioma | Rare malignant tumor arising in the pleura and associated with asbestos exposure. |
| nasogastric intubation | Placement of a tube through the nose into the stomach. |
| obstructive lung disease | Narrowed airways result in resistance to airflow during breathing. Examples are asthma, bronchiectasis, COPD, and cystic fibrosis. |
| orthopnea | Breathing is only comfortable when a patient is in an upright position. |
| oxygen | Gas inhaled and entering the bloodstream through the lungs; in makes up 21 percent of the air. |
| palatine tonsil | One of a pair of almond-shaped masses of lymphatic tissue at the back of the mouth (oral pharynx). |
| palliative | Relieving symptoms, but not curative. |
| paranasal sinus | One of a pair of air cavities in the bones near the nose. |
| parietal pleura | Outer layer of the pleura lying closest to the chest wall. |
| paroxysmal | Pertaining to sudden occurrence. |
| percussion | Tapping on the surface to determine the underlying structure. |
| pertussis | Whooping cough; bacterial infection of the throat, larynx, and trachea. |
| pharyngeal | Pertaining to the throat or pharynx. |
| pharynx | Throat. |
| phrenic nerve | Carries impulses to the diaphragm from the brain. |
| pleura | Double-folded membrane surrounding each lung. |
| pleural cavity | Space between the pleura surrounding each lung. |
| pleural effusion | Collection of fluid in the pleural cavity. |
| pleural rub | Scratchy sound produced by inflamed or irritated pleural surfaces rubbing against each other. |
| pleurisy | Inflammation of the pleura; pleuritis. |
| pleurodynia | Pain associated with the pleura. |
| pneumoconiosis | Abnormal condition of dust in the lungs. |
| pneumonectomy | Removal of a lung. |
| pneumonia | Acute inflammation and infection of the alveoli, which fill with pus, and products of inflammation. |
| pneumothorax | Collection of air or gas in the pleural cavity between the pleura and surrounding the lungs. |
| positron emission tomography of the lung | Radioactive substance is injected into a patient and the images reveal the metabolic activity in the lung for diagnosis of malignant tumors. |
| pulmonary | Pertaining to the lungs. |
| pulmonary abscess | Collection of pus in the lungs. |
| pulmonary edema | Collection of fluid in the air sacs and bronchioles of the lung. |
| pulmonary embolism | Clot or material from a distant vein that blocks a blood vessel in the lung. |
| pulmonary fibrosis | Formation of scar tissue in the connective tissue of the lung. |
| pulmonary function test | Tests that measure the ventilation (breathing) mechanics of the lung. |
| pulmonary infarction | Area of dead tissue in the lung. |
| pulmonary parenchyma | Essential parts of the lungs responsible for respiration; bronchioles and alveoli. |
| purulent | Pus-filled; forming or containing pus. |
| pyothorax | Pus collection in the pleural cavity. |
| rales | Abnormal, fine, crackling sounds heard on the auscultaion where there is fluid in the alveoli. |
| respiration | Exchange of gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide) at the lung capillaries (external respiration) and at the tissue capillaries (internal respiration). |
| restrictive lung disease | A condition in which lung expansion is limited by diseases that affect the chest wall, pleura or lung tissue itself. Examples are pulmonary fibrosis, radiation damage, and pneumoconiosis. |
| rhinoplasty | Surgical repair of the nose. |
| rhinorrhea | Discharge of mucus from the nose. |
| rhonchi | Loud, rumbling sounds heard of auscultation of bronchi that are obstructed by sputum. |
| sarcoidosis | Chronic inflammatory disease of unknown cause in which small nodules or tubercles develop in lungs, lymph nodes, and other organs. |
| silicosis | Silica glass dust collects in the lungs; a type of pneumoconiosis. |
| sinusitis | Inflammation of paranasal sinuses. |
| spirometer | An instrument to measure breathing. |
| sputum | Material expelled from the chest by coughing or by clearing the throat phlegm. |
| sputum culture | Sputum is collected and placed in a growth medium to analyze the type of microorganisms that may be present. |
| stridor | Strained, high pitched noisy breathing associated with obstruction of the larynx or trachea. |
| tachypnea | Excessively fast breathing. |
| thoracentesis | Surgical puncture to remove fluid build up from the chest. |
| thoracic | Pertaining to the chest. |
| thoracoscopy | Visual examination of the chest using small incision and an endoscope. |
| thoracotomy | Incision of the chest. |
| tonsilectomy | Removal of the tonsils. |
| trachea | Windpipe; tubes leading from the larynx (voice box) to the bronchial tubes. |
| tracheal stenosis | Narrowing of the trachea. |
| tracheostomy | New opening of the trachea to the outside of the body. |
| tracheotomy | Incision into the trachea. |
| tube thoracostomy | Chest tube is passed through an opening in the skin of the chest to continuously drain a pleural effusion. |
| tuberculliin test | Determines past or present exposure to tuberculosis based on a positive skin test. |
| tuberculosis | Infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Lungs are usually involved but other organs may be affected. |
| ventilation-perfusion scan | Radioactive test of lung ventilation and blood perfusion throughout the lung capillaries (lung scan). |
| visceral pleura | Innermost membrane of the pleura, lying closest to the lung tissue itself. |
| wheeze | Continuous high-pitched whistling sound when air is forced through a narrow space during inspiration or expiration. |
| adenoid/o | adenoids |
| alveol/o | alveolus, air sac |
| bronch/o, bronchi/o | bronchial tube, bronchus |
| bronchiol/o | bronchiole, small bronchus |
| capn/o | carbon dioxide |
| coni/o | dust |
| cyan/o | blue |
| epiglott/o | epiglottis |
| laryng/o | larynx, voice box |
| lob/o | lobe of the lung |
| mediastin/o | mediastinum |
| nas/o | nose |
| orth/o | straight, upright |
| ox/o | oxygen |
| pector/o | chest |
| pharyng/o | pharynx, throat |
| phon/o | voice |
| phren/o | diaphragm |
| pleur/o | pleura |
| pneum/o, pneumon/o | air, lung |
| pulmon/o | lung |
| rhin/o | nose |
| sinus/o | sinus, cavity |
| spir/o | breathing |
| tel/o | complete |
| thorac/o | chest |
| tonsill/o | tonisils |
| trache/o | trachea, windpipe |
| -ema | condition |
| -osmia | smell |
| -pnea | breathing |
| -ptysis | spitting |
| -sphyxia | pulse |
| -thorax | pleural cavity, chest |
Created by:
jswitzer13
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