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CH 1,2,3
ZELMAN HUMAN DISEASES 6th ed
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Changes constantly occur within the body, and yet a steady state called______is generally maintained. | homeostasis |
| ____can be defined as a state of functional disequilibrium, a change in function or structure that is considered to be abnormal. | Disease |
| An____disease has a sudden onset and a short term. | acute |
| ____are objective evidence of disease observed on physical examination. | Signs |
| ____are subjective indications of disease reported by the patient. | Symptoms |
| ____, the determination of the nature of a disease, is based on many factors | Diagnosis |
| Diseases that will end in death are called____ | terminal |
| ____is a measure of the disability and extent of illness caused by a disease. | Morbidity |
| If the cause of a disease is not known, it is said to be____. | idiopathic |
| The physician, having made a diagnosis, may state the____of the disease, or the predicted course oand outcome of the disease. | prognosis |
| Pain is a sign. | False it is a symptom |
| Physiology is the study of disease. | False pathology is the study |
| The common cold is an examply of a chronic disease. | False it is an acute disease |
| Leukemia may go into remission. | True |
| Complications can aarise from inactivity. | True |
| Anemia is an example of a sequela. | False it is a complication |
| Paralysis of polio is an example of a complication. | False it is a sequela |
| Cancer is the leading cause of death in the US. | False heart disease is |
| Infertility can relapse. | False |
| Diabetes is a chronic disease. | True |
| What is a Relapse? | Disease returns weeks or monts after its apparent cessation |
| What is a Biopsy? | Surgical removal and analysis of tissue samples |
| What is Etiology? | Cause of disease |
| What is a Sequela? | The aftermath of a particular disease |
| What is Pathogenesis? | The source or cause of a disease, together with its development |
| What is a Syndrome? | Certain sets of signs and symptoms occur concurrently in some diseases |
| What are Complications? | Diseases that develop in a person already suffering from a disease |
| What is a Remission? | The signs and symptoms of achronic disease at times subside |
| What is Mortality? | Measure of the number of deaths attributed to a disease in a given population over a given period of time |
| What is Chronic? | A disease may begin insidiously and be long-lived |
| Bacteria that cause pus formation are called____bacteria. | Supparative |
| Cross-matching for a blood transfusion must match blood type and____. | rH factor |
| A____consists of a low dose of dead ro deactivated bacteria or viruses. | vaccine |
| Stress causes and increased production of the hormone____. | cortisol |
| ____cells are a type of leukocyte that recognize body cells with abnormal membranes. | Natural killer |
| The causative agents that initiate an allergy response are called____. | allergens |
| The causative agend of AIDS is the___. | HIV (Human munodifiency virus) |
| The damaged tissue releases a substance called____. | histamine |
| In____, the person is given a vaccine or a toxoid as the antigen, and he or she forms antibodies to counteract it. | active immunity |
| ____defense mechanisms are effective against any foreign agen that enter the body and are referred to as innate immunity. | Nonspecific |
| HIV can be transmitted through saliva. | False only through contaminated body fluid (blood, semen, breastmilk, vaginal secretions) |
| Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a contagious inflammatory disease. | False it is noncontagious |
| The cause of chronic fatigue syndrome is known. | False it is unknown |
| Fever is the body's first line of defense. | False immunis system is |
| HIV is a retrovirus. | True |
| T cells form antibodies. | False plasma cells do |
| Specific defense mechanisms are effective agains particular identified foreign agents and are referred to as acquired immunity. | True |
| Type I hypersensitivities are labled cytotoxic or cytolytic, and involve IgM or IgG interacting with foreign cells to cause their destruction. | False Type II |
| The excessive production of white cells is called leukocytosis. | True |
| Fever is not something that should always be eliminated, but should be monitored closely. | True |
| The cardinal signs and symptoms of inflammation | Redness, swelling, heat, and pain |
| Scleroderma | Chronic, progressive autoimmune disorder of the skin |
| Phagocytosis | cellular eating |
| IgM | protects newborns |
| Chronic fatigue syndrome | peculiar disease that affects primarily young professionals in the prime of life |
| Immunity | The ability of the body to defend itself against infections agents, foreign cells, and even abnormal body cells |
| Antigen | The foreign element that triggers the immune response |
| Interferon | A group of substances that stimulates the immune system |
| IgE | involved in allergy |
| Chemotaxis | the attraction of the white blood cells to the site of inflammation |
| Those diseases transmitted from human to human are said to be____or____. | Contagious, communicable |
| Bacteria have____, a rigid layer of organic material surrounding their dlicate cell membranes. | cell walls |
| During the____thick-walled cells turn purple and thin-walled cells become red, and thus bacteria can be identified using this technique. | gram stain |
| ____contain the genetic material of bacteria packaged in a tough outer coat that is resistant to desication, acid, extreme temperature, and even radiation | Endospores |
| Fungi have filaments called____specialized for absorption of nutrients. | mycelia |
| An animal that transmits pathogenic microorganisms to human is a____. | vector |
| ____is the study of the transmission, occurrence, distribution, and control of disease. | Epidemiology |
| The number of new cases of a disease in a population is its____. | prevalence |
| When a disease always occurs at low levels in a population, it is said to be____. | endemic |
| When a disease suddenly occurs in unexpected numbers in a limited area and then subsides, this is described as an____. | outbreak |
| Infections diseases are those diseases caused by pathogenic microorganisms. | True |
| Infectious diseases are classified as communicable if not transmitted directly by humans. | False |
| Endotoxin is released into tissues when gram-negative cells die | True |
| Viruses are considered living organisms. | False |
| Healthy human tissue is relatively resistant to fungal infections. | True |
| Influenza uses vertical transmission | False |
| If a disease occurs in unusually large numbers over a specific area, it is said to be epidmeic. | True |
| Pandemics are under constant surveillance in the US. | False |
| Viral infections can be treated with a variety of antibiotics. | False |
| Correct use of antibiotics can prevent the development of antibiotic resistance | True |
| Pathogens | Microorganisms that cause disease |
| Helminths | The wormlike animals that include roundworms and flatworms |
| Bacteria | Microscopic single-celled organisms |
| Protozoa | single-celled eukaryotic microorganisms |
| Reservoir | act as sources of the pathogen and potential sources of diseases |
| Binary fission | Bacterial reproduction by splitting in half |
| Virus | Infectious particles made of a core of genetic material (either RNA or DNA) wrapped in a protein coat |
| Horizontal transmission | Infectious diseases can be transmitted directly form an infected human to a susceptible human |
| Endotoxin | A particularly potent toxin that causes life-threatening shock |
| Latent infection | viruses insert themselves in cells and do not reproduce |
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fallsummerspring
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