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UNIT 4: NEW NATION
8TH GRADE US HISTORY
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| JUDICIARY ACT OF 1789 | CREATED THREE LEVELS OF FEDERAL COURTS AND DEFINED THEIR POWERS AND RELATIONSHIP TO THE STATE COURTS |
| PRECEDENT | AN ACTION OR DECISION THAT LATER SERVES AS A EXAMPLE |
| NATIONAL DEBT | MONEY OWED BY THE UNITED STATES |
| BONDS | CERTIFICATES OF DEBT THAT CARRY A PROMISE TO BY BAKC THE HONDS AT A HIGHER PRICE |
| SPECULATORS | PEOPLE WHO BUY TIEMS AT LOW PRICES IN THE HOPE THAT THE VALUE WILL RISE AND THEY CAN SELL THE ITEMS FOR A PROFIT |
| BENJAMIN BANNEKER | BORN A FREE AFRICAN AMERICAN IN MARYLAND, SLEF-EDUCATED, HIRED BY THOMAS JEFFERSON TO SURVEY THE LAND FOR THE NEW NATIONAL GOVERNMENT |
| THIS WAS CREATED TO ESTABLISH TO STRENGTHEN THE U.S. ECONOMY | BANK OF THE UNTIED STATES |
| LOOSE CONSTRUCTION | THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT CAN TAKE REASONABLE ACTIONS THAT THE CONSTITUTION DOES NOT SPECIFICALLY FORBID |
| STRICT CONSTRUCTION | THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT SHOULD DO ONLY WHAT THE CONSTITUTION SPECIFICALLY SAYS IT CAN DO |
| BANK OF THE UNITED STATES | THE COUNTRY'S FIRST NATIONAL BANK |
| FRENCH REVOLUTION | A REBELLION OF FRENCH PEOPLE AGAINST THEIR KING IN 1789 |
| NEUTRALITY PROCLAMATION | STATED THAT THE UNITED STATES WOULD NOT TAKE SIDES WITH ANY ERUOPEAN COUNTRIES THAT WERE AT WAR |
| PRIVATEERS | PRIVATE SHIPS HIRED BY A COUNTRY TO ATTACK ITS ENEMIES |
| JAY'S TREATY | THE BRITISH WOULD PAY DAMAGES ON SIEZED SHIPS AND ABANDON THEIR FORTS ON THE NORTHWESTERN FRONTIER. THE UNITED STATES AGREED TO PAY DEBTS IT OWED TO BRITAIN |
| PICKNEY'S TREATY | SPAIN AGREED TO RECOGNIZE THE UNITED STATES SOUTHERN BORDER AS 31 DEGREES N LATITUDE AND REOPEN THE PORT OF NEW ORLEANS TO AMERICAN SHIPS |
| TREATY OF GREENVILLE | GAVE UNITED STATES CLAIM TO MOST INDIAN LAND IN THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY IN EXCHANGE FOR $20,000 WORTH OF GOODS |
| WHISKEY REBELLION | WESTERN PENNSYLVANIA FARMERS PROTEST AGAINST THE WHISKEY TAX TURNED VIOLENT; WASHINGTON LED FORCES AGAINST THE REBELS WHO MOSTLY FLED |
| HELPED EMPHASIZE THE AUTHORITY OF THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT TO PASS TAZED AND TO PUT DOWN DOMESTIC REBELLIONS | WHISKEY REBELLION |
| WHAY DID WASHINGTON WARN AGAINST GROWING POLITICAL CONFLICTS WITHIN THE NATION IN HIS FAREWELL ADDRESS | THOUGHT THEY WEAKENED GOVERNMENT AND THAT POLITICAL UNITY WAS KEY TO NATIONAL SUCCESS |
| POLITICAL PARTIES | GROUPS THAT HELEP ELECT PEOPLE AND SHAPE POLICIES |
| FEDERALIST PARTY | WANTED A STRONG NATIONAL GOVERNMENT AND SUPPORTED INDUSTRY AND TRADE |
| DEOMOCRATIC-REPUBLICAN PARTY | ITS MEMBERS, CALLED REPUBLICANS, WANTED TO LIMIT THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT'S POWER; NOT RELATED TO TODAYS REPUBLICAN PARTY |
| XYZ AFFAIR | IN ORDER FOR US DIPLOMATS TO MEET WITH TALLEYRAND, A BRIBE OF $250,00 AND A $12 MILLION LOAN WERE REQUIRED |
| MILLIONS FOR DEFENSE, BUT NOT ONE CENT FOR TRIBUTE! | BECAME THE RALLY CRY FOR AMERICANS AFTER THE XYZ AFFAIR |
| ALEIN AND SEDITION ACTS | THESE LAWS WERE SAID TO PROTECT THE UNITED STATES, BUT THE FEDERALISTS INTENDED THEM TO CRUSH OPPOSITION TO WAR WITH FRANCE |
| SEDITION ACT | FORBADE ANYONE FROM PUBLISHING OR VOICING CRITICISM OF THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT |
| ALIEN ACT | THIS ACT MADE IT HARDER FOR AN IMMIGRANT TO BECOME A CITIZEN, ALLOWED THE PRESIDENT ALLOWED THE PRESIDENT TO IMPRISON AND DEPORT NON-CITIZENS WHO WERE FROM A HOSTILE NATION, |
| THE NATURALIZATION ACT | INCREASED THE RESIDENCY REQUIREMENTS FOR AMERICAN CITIZENSHIP FROM 5 TO 14 YEARS |
| ELECTION OF THOMAS JEFFERSON | MARKED THE FIRST TIME THAT ONE PARTY HAD REPLACED ANOTHER IN POWER IN THE UNITED STATES. |
| SIGNALED THAT THE NEW SYSTEM OF GOVERNMENT WOULD CARRY THE NATION THROUGH A PEACEFUL TRANSITION OF POLITICAL POWER | ELECTION OF 1800 |
| 12TH AMENDMENT | CREATED A SEPARATE BALLOT FOR PRESIDENT AND VICE PRESIDENT |
| MARBURY V. MADISON | HELPED ESTABLISH THE SUPREME COURT'S POWER TO CHECK THE POWER OF THE OTHER BRANCHES OF GOVERNMENT; JUDICIAL REVIEW |
| POWER TO DECLARE AN ACT OF CONGRESS UNCONSTITUTIONAL | JUDICIAL REVIEW |
| LOUISIAN PURCHASE | AGREEMENT WHICH ROUGHLY DOUBLED THE SIZE OF THE UNITED STATES |
| $15 MILLION DOLLARS | THE COST OF THE LOUISIANA PURCHASE |
| 10/20/1803 | DATE OF THE LOUISIANA PURCHASE |
| LEWIS AND CLARK | THE MEN COMMISSIONED BY JAMES MONROE TO EXPLORE THE WEST |
| ASSISTED THE LEWIS AND CLARK EXPEDITION AS A GUIDE AND INTERPRETER | SACAGAWEA |
| OBJECTIVE OF THE LEWIS AND CLARK EXPEDITION | TO FIND A RIVER ROUTE ACROSS THE WEST TO THE PACIFIC OCEAN |
| IMPRESSMENT | THE PRACTICE OF FORCING PEOPLE TO SERVE IN THE ARMY OR NAVY |
| EMBARGO | BANNING OF TRADE |
| EMBARGO ACT | AMERICAN SHIPS COULD NOT SAIL TO FOREIGN PORTS AND AMERICAN PORTS WERE CLOSED TO BRITISH SHIPS |
| TECUMSEH | A SHAWNEES CHIEF; WARNED NATIVE AMERICANS OF THE DANGERS FACED FROM SETTLERS |
| BATTLE OF TIPPECANOE | US FORCES DEFEATED TECUMSEH AND HIS FOLLOWERS DESTROYING TECUMSEH'S DREAM OF A GREAT INDIAN NATION |
| "THE WHITE PEOPLE HAVE NO RIGHT TO TAKE THE LAND FROM THE INDIANS, BECAUSE THE INDIANS HAD IT FIRST." | TECUMSEH |
| WAR HAWKS | CALLED FOR WAR AGAINST BRITAIN; WANTED TO PUT A STOP TO BRITISH INFLUENCE AMONG NATIVE AMERICANS AND ENFORCE NATIONAL SECURITY |
| WANTED TO INVADE CANADA TO GAIN MORE LAND FOR SETTLEMENT | WHO ARE THE WAR HAWKS |
| NULLIFY/NULLIFICATION | TO REFUSE TO RECONIZE A FEDERAL LAW. |
| STATE'S RIGHTS THEORY | RIGHTS NOT SPECIFICALLY GIVEN TO THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT BY THE CONSTITUTION REMAIN WITH THE STATES |
| NEUTRALITY | POLICY OF NOT CHOOSING SIDES IN A DISPUTE OR WAR BTWEEN TWO COUNTRIES |
| ISOLATIONISM | POLICY OF AVOIDING POLITICAL OR MILITARY AGREEMENTS WITH OTHER COUNTRIES |
| BLOCKADE | CLOSING OFF AN AREA TO KEEP PEOPLE OR SUPPLIES FROM GOING IN OR OUT |
| MONROE DOCTRINE | DECLARATION IN 1823 THAT THE WESTERN HEMISPHERE WAS NO LONGER OPEN TO EUROPEAN COLONIZATION |
| FRONTIER | UNEXPLORED WILDERNESS AT THE EDGE OF THE COUNTRY |
| EARA OF GOOD FEELINGS | A NEW PERIOD OF NATIONAL UNITY DURING JAMES MONROE'S PRESIDENCY |
| CAPITALISM | ECONOMIC SYSTEM BASED ON THE PRIVATE OWNERSHIP OF FARMS AND BUSINESSES |
| AMERICAN SYSTEM | PROPOSAL TO THE GOVERNMENT THAT CALLED FOR TAZES ON IMPORTS, FEDERALLY FUNDED TRANSPORTATION PROJECTS AND A NEW NATIONAL BANK |
| FOLK ART | ART MADE BY ORDINARY PEOPLE USING TRADITIONAL METHODS |
| SPIRITUALS | A RELIGIOUS FOLK SONG OF AFRICAN AMERICAN ORIGIN |
| IMPRESSMENT OF SAILOR; INTERFERENCE WITH AMERICAN SHIPPING; BRITISH MILITARY AID TO NATIVE AMERICANS | CAUSES OF THE WAR OF 1812 |
| EFFECTS OF THE WAR OF 1812 | INCREASED SENSE OF NATIONAL PRIDE; AMERICAN MANUFACTURING BOOSTED; NATIVE AMERICAN RESISTANCE WEAKENED |
| RUSH-BAGOT AGREEMENT | LIMITED NAVAL POWER ON THE GREAT LAKES FOR BOTH THE UNITED STATES AND BRITISH CANADA |
| ADAMS-ONIS TREATY | SETTLED ALL BORDER DISPUTES BETWEEN SPAIN AND THE UNITED STATES |
| SPAIN GAVE EAST FLORIDA TO THE U.S.; U.S. GAVE UP CLAIMS TO WHAT IS NOW TEXAS | ADAM-ONIS TREATY |
| AMERICAN-SYSTEM | A SERIES OF MEASURES INTENDED TO MAKE THE UNITED STATES ECONOMICALLY SELF-SUFFICIENT |
| A WATERWAY THAT RAN FROM ALBANY NY TO BUFFALO NY | ERIE CANAL |
| CUMBERLAND ROAD | FIRST ROAD BUILT BY THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT;' RAN FROM CUMBERLAND MARYLAND TO WHEELING, A TOWN ON THE OHIO RIVER IN PRESENT DAY WEST VIRGINIA |
| SECTIONALISM | DISAGREEMENTS BETWEEN THE DIFFERENT REGIONS |
| MISSOURI COMPROMISE | MISSOURI WOULD ENTER AS A SLAVE STATE; MAINE WOULD JOIN AS A FREE STATE; SLAVERY WOULD BE PROHIBITED IN ANY NEW TERRITORIES OR STATES NORTH OF 36/30 LATITUDE (MISSOURI'S SOUTHERN BORDER) |
| WASHINGTON IRVING, JAMES FENIMORE COOPER | EARLY AMERICAN WRITERS WHOSE FOCUS WAS AMERICAN REVOLUTION, SETTLEMENT, AND THE LANDSCAPE |
| HUDSON RIVER SCHOOL | CREATED PAINTINGS THAT REFLECTED NATIONAL PRIDE AND AN APPRECIATION OF THE AMERICAN LANDSCAPE |
| SIMON BOLIVAR | A LEADER OF INDEPENDENCE MOVEMENTS IN LATIN AMERICA, KNOWN AS THE LIBERATOR |
| HENRY CLAY | REPRESENTATIVE FROM KENTUCKY WHO PROMOTED IMPROVEMENTS IN TRANSPORTATION AND THE MISSOURI COMPROMISE |
| TRANSCENDENTALISM | THE BELIEF THAT PEOPLE COULD RISE ABOVE MATERIAL THINGS IN LIFE |
| ABSTRACT | EXPRESSING A QUALITY OR IDEA WITHOUT REFERENCE TO AN ACTUAL THING |
| JUDICIARY ACT OF 1801 | CREATED 16 NEW FEDERAL JUDGESHIPS THAT PRESIDENT ADAMS FILLE THE NIGHT BEFORE HE LEFT OFFICE |
| MCCULLOCH V. MARLAND | U.S. SUPREME COURT CASE THAT DECLARED THE SECOND BANK OF THE UNITED STATES WAS CONSTITUTIONAL |
| GIBBONS V. OGDEN | THE SUPREME COURT REINFORCED THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENTS AUTHORITY TO REGULATE TRADE BETWEEN THE STATES BY ENDING MONOPOLISTIC CONTROL OVER WATERWAYS IN SEVERL STATES |
| CLERMONT | THE FIRST FULL-SIZED COMMERCIAL STEAMBOAT |
| ROBERT FULTON | IN 1803 HE TESTED HIS FIRST STEAMBOAT DESIGN IN FRANCE |
| DOMESTIC POLICY: GEORGE WASHINGTON | FEDERAL JUDICIARY ACT; WHISKEY REBELLION |
| FOREIGN POLICY: GEORGE WASHINGTON | JAY'S TREATY; PICKNEY'S TREATY |
| DOMESTIC POLICY: JOHN ADAMS | KENTUCK/VIRGINIA RESOLUTIONS; ALIEN AND SEDITION ACTS |
| FOREIGN POLICY: JOHN ADAMS | XYZ AFFAIR |
| DOMESTIC POLICY: THOMAS JEFFERSON | LOUISIAN PURCHASE; MARBURY V. MADISON |
| FOREIGN POLICY: THOMAS JEFFERSON | EMBARGO ACT; LOUISIANA PURCHASE |
| DOMESTIC POLICY: JAMES MADSION | WAR OF 1812 |
| FOREIGN POLICY: JAMES MADISON | WAR OF 1812 |
| DOMESTIC POLICY: JAMES MONROE | ERA OF GOOD FEELINGS |
| FOREIGN POLICY: JAMES MONROE | MONROE DOCTRINE |
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