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Ch8 Interest Groups
Key Terms from Chap 8
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Interest Groups | Body of people who share a common interest or bond that seeks to influence policy beneficial to them. |
| Functions of Interest Groups | 1. Lobbying 2. Educate/Inform 3. Watchdog (checks and balances) 4. Expertise |
| Grassroots Movement | Effort that springs up spontaneously due to some pressing issue that a community feels needs to be changed or enhanced; develops organically at a local level before spreading throughout the state and even the country. |
| Political Action Committee (PAC) | Arm of an interest group formed to raise funds to support electoral candidates. |
| Differences between Political Party and Interest Group | 1. Parties nominate candidates; Interest groups don't 2. Parties goal is to win election; Interest groups goal is to influence policy 3. Parties address full spectrum of issues; Interest groups focus on their issue only |
| Professional Interest Groups | AMA - American Medical Association (doctors) ABA - American Bar Association (lawyers) |
| Labor Interest Groups | AFL-CIO (American Federation of Labor - Congress of Industrial Organizations) |
| Trade Interest Groups | Chambers of Commerce |
| Public Interest Groups | NAACP - National Association for the Advancement of Colored People AARP - American Association of Retired People |
| Iron Triangle | View of the relationship among interest groups, government agencies and legislative committee that implies insular and closed, trying to seal off access to public policy making. |
| Issue Network | View of the relationship among interest groups, government agencies and legislative committee that implies more fluid, open and transparent. |
| Why Do People Join Interest Groups | 1. Purposive - they believe in the cause 2. Solidarity - socialization/fellowship with a common group 3. Benefits - insurance benefits or discounts |
| ACLU | American Civil Liberties Union; Purposive interest group |
| Buckley vs Valeo | Supreme Court ruled that contributing to political campaigns is a form of free speech |
| 501(c)(3) Organizations | Tax-exempt groups that are prohibited from lobbying or campaigning on behalf of a candidate or party. |
| 501(c)(4) Organizations | Tax-exempt groups that focus on social welfare and public policy, not politics (ex: NRA) |
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