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MedTerm 10
Musculoskeletal System
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| leiomy/o | smooth (Visceral) muscle |
| muscul/o, my/o | muscle |
| rhabd/o | rod-shaped (striated) |
| rhabdomy/o | striated muscle |
| brachi/o | arm |
| carp/o | carpus |
| cephal/o | head |
| cervic/o | neck |
| clavicul/o | clavicle |
| cost/o | ribs |
| crani/o | cranium |
| dactyl/o | fingers, toes |
| humer/o | humerus |
| metacarp/o | metacarpus |
| phalang/o | phalanges |
| radi/o | radius |
| spondyl/o, vertebr/o | vertebrae |
| stern/o | sternum |
| thorac/o | chest |
| calcane/o | calcaneum |
| femor/o | femur |
| fibul/o | fibula |
| ili/o | ilium |
| ischi/o | ischium |
| lumb/o | loins (lower back) |
| metatars/o | metatarsus |
| patell/o | patella |
| pelv/i, pelv/o | pelvis |
| pod/o | food |
| pub/o | pubis |
| tibi/o | tibia |
| ankyl/o | stiffness, bent, crooked |
| arthr/o | joint |
| chondr/o | cartilage |
| fasci/o | fascia |
| fibr/o | fiber, fibrous tissue |
| kyph/o | humpback |
| lamin/o | lamina (vertebral disk) |
| lord/o | curve, swayback |
| myel/o | bone marrow, spinal cord |
| orth/o | straight |
| oste/o | bone |
| ped/o, ped/i | foot, child |
| scoli/o | crooked, bent |
| synov/o | synovial membrane or fluid |
| ten/o, tend/o, tendin/o | tendon |
| -asthenia | weakness, debility |
| -clasia | to break, surgical fracture |
| -desis | binding, fixation (of a bone or joint) |
| -malacia | softening |
| -porosis | porous |
| -sarcoma | malignant tumor of connective tissue |
| a- | without, not |
| dys- | bad, painful, difficult |
| syn- | union, together, joined |
| bunion | deformity in which the great toe is angled laterally toward the other toes |
| carpal tunnel syndrome | compression of the median nerve within the carpal tunnel |
| claudication | lameness, limping |
| contracture | fibrosis of connective tissue that prevents normal mobility of the joint |
| crepitation | dry, grating sound caused by bone ends rubbing together, indicating a fracture or joint destruction |
| ganglion cyst | fluid filled tumor that develops along the joint or tendons of the wrists, hands, or feet |
| gout | joint inflammation caused by accumulation of uric acid crystal |
| herniated disk | rupture of a vertebral disk's center through its outer edge |
| hypotonia | loss of muscle tone or a diminished resistance to passive stretching |
| myasthenia gravis | progressive disorder characterized by muscle weakness and droopiness, especially in the eyes, face, throat, and limbs |
| osteomyelitis | inflammation of the bone and bone marrow |
| osteoporosis | loss of calcium and bone tissue, causing the bones to become porous, brittle, and easily fractured |
| Paget disease | chronic inflammation of bones, resulting in thickening and softening |
| phantom limb | perceived sensation of a limb that has been amputated |
| rickets | form of osteomalacia in children caused by Vitamin D deficiency |
| spinal curatures | persistent, abnormal curvature of the spine |
| scoliosis | lateral curvature |
| kyphosis | curvature of the upper spine (Hunchback) |
| lordosis | inward curvature of the lower spine (swayback) |
| spondylolisthesis | slipping of a vertebra from it's normal position |
| spondylosis | degeneration of the vertebrae |
| sprain and strain | overstretching of ligaments, muscle, or tendon |
| subluxation | partial or incomplete dislocation of one or more vertebrae |
| talipes equinovarus | clubfoot |
| arthrography | series of radiographs taken after injection of contrast into the joint to outline the contour of the joint |
| bone density test | low energy x-ray absorption to measure bone mineral density |
| discography | radiological examination of the intervertebral disk structures with injection of contrast |
| lumbosacral spinal radiography | radiography of the five lumbar vertebrae and the fused sacral vertebrae |
| myelography | radiography of the spinal cord after injection of contrast |
| bone scintigraphy | nuclear medicine procedure that involves intravenous injection of a radionuclide taken up into the bone |
| amputation | partial or complete removal of an extremity |
| arthroscopy | visual examination of the interior of a joint |
| arthrocentesis | puncture of a joint to remove fluid or administer medication |
| arthroclasia | surgical breaking of a joint to provide movement |
| bone grafting | transplantation of bone tissue to replace missing or damaged tissue |
| bursectomy | excision of a bursa in the connective tissue |
| laminectomy | excision of the posterior arch of a vertebra |
| sequestrectomy | excision of a sequestrum (necrosed bone) |
| total hip replacement | replacement of a damaged hip joint |
| bone immobilization | procedure used to restrict movement, stabilize and protect a fracture, and facilitate the healing process |
| casting | immobilization by application of a solid, stiff dressing |
| spinting | immobilization by application of an orthopedic device |
| traction | set of mechanisms for straightening broken pones or relieving pressure on the spine and skeletal system |
| bone resorption inhibitors | prevent bone loss and strengthen bones affected by osteoporosis |
| calcium supplements | treat hypocalcemia |
| disease modifying antirheumatic drugs | slow progression of joint destruction by inhibiting inflammation |
| muscle relaxants | relieve muscle spasms and stiffness |
| nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs | suppress inflammation |
| salicylates | relieve mild to moderate pain and reduce inflammation |
| vitamin d analogs | facilitate the utilization of calcium |
Created by:
aleelyse
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