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Anatomy Chapter 5
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Agonist | role played by a skeletal muscle to cause a movement |
| Antagonist | role played by a skeletal muscle acting to slow or stop a movement |
| Aponeurosis | a flat, sheetlike fibrous tissue the connects muscle or bone to other tissues |
| Concentric | type of contraction that results in shortening of a muscle |
| Ecccentric | contraction accompanies by lengthening of a muscle |
| Endomysium | fine, protective sheath of connective tissue that surrounds a skeletal muscle |
| Epimysium | outermost sheath of connective tissue that surrounds a skeletal muscle |
| Fascile | bundle of muscle fibers |
| Isometric | a type of contraction that involves no change in muscle length |
| Muscular fiber | an individual skeletal muscle cell |
| Perimysium | a connective tissue sheath that envelops each primary bundle of muscle fibers |
| Peristalsis | wave of symmetrical squeezing of the digestive tract walls that occurs during digestion |
| Acetylecholine | neurotransmitter chemical that stimulates muscle |
| Neuromuscular junction | link between an axon terminal and muscle fiber |
| Synaptic Cleft | tiny gap that separates the axon terminal and muscle fiber |
| Fast-twitch | Type of muscle that contracts quickly |
| Motor neuron | nerve that stimulates skeletal muscle tissue |
| Slow-twitch | type of muscle that contracts slowly and is fatigue resistant |
| Abduction | movement of a body segment away form the body in the frontal plane |
| Adduction | movement of a body segment closer to the body in the frontal plane |
| Circumduction | rotational movement of a body segment such that the end of the segment traces a circle |
| Dorsiflexion | movement of the top of the foot toward the lower leg |
| Eversion | movement in which the sole of the foot is rolled outward |
| Flexion | forward movement of a body segment away from anatomical position in the sagittal plane |
| Hyperextension | backward movement of a body segment past anatomical position in the sagittal plane |
| Inversion | movement in which the sole of the foot is rolled inward |
| Lateral rotation | outward (lateral) movement of a body segment in the transverse plane |
| Medial rotation | inward (medial) movement of a body segment in the transverse plane |
| Opposition | touching any of you four fingers to your thumb; this movement enables grasping of objects |
| Plantar flexion | downward motion of the foot away from the lower leg |
| Pronation | medial rotation of the forearm (palm down) |
| Radial deviation | rotation of the hand toward the thumb |
| Supination | lateral rotation of the forearm (palm up) |
| Ulnar deviation | rotation of the hand toward the little finger |
| Tendinitis | inflammation of a tendon, usually accompanied by pain and swelling |
| Muscle strain | injury that occurs when a muscle is stretched beyond the limits to which it is accustomed |
| Contusion | bruises or bleeding within a muscle that results from an impact |
| Muscular dystrophy | group of similar inherited disorders characterized by progressively worsening muscle weakness and loss of muscle tissue. |
| Shin splints | name for pain localized to the anterior lower leg |
| Hernia | a balloon-like section of the lining of the abdominal cavity |
Created by:
cheyannem
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