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Medterm 14
Endocrine System
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| antagonistic | acting in opposition |
| electrolytes | salts and minerals that conduct electrical impulses in the body |
| glucagon | raises blood glucose level |
| glucose | simple sugar that is the end product of carbohydrate digestion |
| sypathetomimetic | mimics the effects of the sympathetic nervous system |
| adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) | promotes secretion of coricosteroids |
| follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) | stimulates production of ova and sperm |
| growth hormone (GH) or somatotropin | regulates growth of body tissues and increases use of fats for energy |
| luteinizing hormone (LH) | stimulates production of estrogen, progesterone, and testosterone |
| prolactin (PRL) | promotes lactation |
| thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) or thyrotropin | stimulates secretion of thyroid hormones |
| antidiuretic hormone | increases water reabsorption |
| oxytocin | stimulates uterine contractions, initiates labor, promotes milk secretion from the mammary glands |
| calcitonin | regulates calcium levels |
| thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) | increases energy production and rate of protein synthesis |
| parathyroid hormone (PTH) | increases absorption of calcium |
| glucocorticoids | regulates metabolism |
| mineralocorticoids | increase sodium levels and decrease potassium |
| sex hormones | responsible for libido and source of estrogen after menopause |
| adrenal medullary hormones | mimic sympathetic nervous system, increase metabolic and heart rate, and raise blood pressure |
| insulin | lowers blood glucose level |
| adren/o, adrenal/o | adrenal glands |
| calc/o | calcium |
| crin/o | secrete |
| gluc/o, glyc/o, glycos/o | sugar, sweetness |
| home/o | same alike |
| kal/i | potassium |
| pancreat/o | pancreas |
| parathyroid/o | parathyroid glands |
| thym/o | thymus glands |
| throid/o, thyr/o | thyroid gland |
| toxic/o | poison |
| -crine | secrete |
| -dipsia | thirst |
| -gen | forming, producing, origin |
| -toxic | pertaining to poison |
| -uria | urine |
| diabetes insipidus | excessive thirst and excessive urination due to inadequate production of antidiuretic hormone |
| diuresis | increased formation and secretion of urine |
| gestational diabetes | diabetes that develops during pregnancy |
| acromegaly | hypersecretion of GH in adults |
| dwarfism | hyposecretion of GH in childhood |
| giantism | hypersecretion of GH in childhood |
| hirsutism | excessive distribution of body hair |
| hypercalcemia | excessive calcium level in the blood |
| hyperkalemia | excessive potassium |
| hypervolemia | abnormal increase in the volume of blood plasma |
| hyponatremia | low sodium level |
| insulinoma | pancreatic tumor causing excessive production of insulin |
| neurofibromatosis | genetic disorder characterized by multiple benign fibrous tumors that grow anywhere in the nervous system |
| panhypopituitarism | total pituitary impairment |
| thyroid storm | uncontrolled hyperthyroidism |
| virilism | development of male sex characteristics in a woman |
| exophthalmometry | measures degree of forward displacement of the eyeball as seen in Graves disease |
| A1C test | diagnoses and manages diabetes |
| radioactive iodine uptake (RAIU) and scan | Nuclear imaging procedure that combines a thyroid scan with an RAIU procedure to evaluate the structure and physiological functioning of the thyroid gland |
| parathyroidectomy | excision of the parathyroid gland |
| thyroidectomy | excision of the thyroid gland |
| transsphenoidal hypophysectomy | endoscopic surgery to remove a pituitary tumor through an incision in the sphenoid sinus without disturbing brain tissue |
| antithyroids | treat hyperthyroidism |
| corticosteroids | replace hormones lost in adrenal insufficiency |
| growth hormone replacements | increase growth in children and hormonal deficiencies in adults |
| insulins | lowers blood glucose levels |
| oral antidiabetics | stimulate the pancreas to produce more insulin |
| thyroid supplements | supplement thyroid hormones |
Created by:
aleelyse
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