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Ch 18 Blood Vessels
Anatomy of Blood Vessels
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Path of blood in pulmonary circulation | From the right ventricle of heart to the lungs and back to the left atrium |
| Path of blood in aortic circulation | Carries blood from the left ventricle of the heart to the rest of the body and back to the right atrium |
| Capillaries connect: | Arterioles with venuoles |
| The exchange of oxygen occurs at the _________ level. | Capillary |
| Lumin def. | Open space of blood vessels |
| Innermost layer of blood vessels: | Tunica Intima - endothelial lining. smooth, shiny surgace allowing blood to flow. |
| What is the function of the smoothness of the tunica intima? | Prevents blood clots |
| Middle layer of blood vessels: | Tunica media - composed of elastic tissue and smooth muscle which allows change in diameter for blood to flow (vasoconstriction) |
| Outermost layer of blood vessels: | Tunica adventitia - composed of tough connective tissue which is needed to withstand elements of the body |
| Nickname for arteries | Conductance vessels |
| Function of conductance vessels | Conduct blood from larger arteries to arterioles |
| Nickname for arterioles | Resistance vessels |
| Function of resistance vessels | Constrict vessels (inc. resistance) and dilate (dec. resistance) thereby altering blood flow |
| Nickname for capillaries | Exchange vessels |
| Function of exchange vessels | Allow for the exchange of nutrients and waste |
| Nickname for veins and venules | Capacitance vessels |
| Function of capacitance vessels | Storage of blood. Approximately 70% of blood volume is found in venous circulation |
| Which vessels have lots of smooth muscle for their size which plays a major role of blood flow in the body | Resistance vessels (arterioles) |
| The aorta is the major artery of _________ circulation | Systemic |
| From what part of the heart does the aorta originate? | Left ventricle |
| Branches of aorta | Ascending aorta, aortic arch, descending aorta |
| What arteries branch off from the aorta? | Brachiocephalic artery or trunk, left common carotid artery, left subclavian artery |
| What arteries branch off from the brachiocephalic artery or trunk? | Right common carotid arty, right subclavian artery |
| Branches off the descending aorta | Thoracic and abdominal aorta |
| Branch off of thoracic aorta | Posterior intercostal ateries |
| Branch off of abdominal arteries | Celiac trunk, Superior/Inferior Mesenteric Artery, Right/Left Renal Arteries, Gonadal Arteries, Lumbar Arteries |
| Where does the aorta end? | L4 |
| What happens to the aorta at L4? | Branches into right and left common iliac artery |
| Name the two classifications of veins | Deep and superficial |
| Most deep veins run: | Parallel to arteries and have the same name |
| Where does the vena cavae retuen deoxygenated blood? | Right atrium |
| SVC and IVC _____ blood from head and lower extremities. | Drain |
| Veins that drain directly into SVC | Right/left brachiocephalic veins, azygos vein - drains thorax |
| Veins that drain directly into the IVC | Right/left common iliac veins join together to form IVC, renal veins, hepatic veins |
| Major superficial veins of systemic circulation | Cephalic, Basilic, Median cubital, Great saphenous - longest vessel |
| Info on cephalic vein | Drains lateral arm and empties into axillary vein |
| Info on basilic vein | Drains medial arm and joins with brachial vein to form axillary vein |
| Info on median cubital vein | Connects cephalic and basilic veins in cubital fossa. |
| Info on great saphenous vein | Longest vein in the body - starts on medial foot and merges with femoral vein |
| In order to recieve sufficient oxygen the brain receives a dual blood supply from what vessels? | Right/left vertebral and right/left internal carotid arteries. |
| Internal carotid arteries are a branch of what artery? | Common carotid artery |
| External carotid arteries supply what? | Neck, face, scalp |
| What blood vessel supplies most of the brain's oxygen? | Internal Carotid Artery |
| Carotid Sinus def. | Dilated region at the origin of the internal carotid that functions as a baroreceptor |
| Vertebral arteries are a branch of what artery? | Subclavian artery |
| Vertebral arteries on the brain stem to form the | Basilar Artery |
| Circle of Willis def. | Circular arrangement of arteries that give off branches that supply oxygen to the brain |
| The Circle of Willis is formed by branches of the (2): | Internal carotid artery and basilar artery |
| Occlusion of the blood supply to the brain may result in: | Dizziness, confusion, stroke (resulting from dead brain tissue) |
| Veins involved in drainage of head and brain | External/internal jugular vein |
| Characteristics of external jugular veins | Superficial to IJV, drain posterior to head and neck, empty into subclavian veins |
| Characteristics of internal jugular veins | Drain anterior head, neck, face; join with subclavian veins to form brachiocephalic veins, drains most blood from the venous sinuses of brain |
| Hepatic circulation is AKA | Blood supply to liver and portal circulation |
| Three groups of vessels associated with hepatic circulation | Portal vein, hepatic veins/arteries |
| The portal vein is formed by the joining of the: | Superior Mesenteric and Splenic Veins |
| Function of portal vein | Carries blood rich in digestive end products from the digestive organs to the liver. (Liver is essential in the metabolism of carbs, fats, proteins; detoxification, storage, etc. |
| Hepatic artery is a branch of: | Celiac trunk |
| Function of hepatic artery | Supply oxygen to the liver |
| Function of the hepatic vein | Drains deoxygenated blood from liver. empties in the IVC |
| In fetal circulation, the developing fetus relies on maternal vlood supply to provide oxygen and nutrients as well as _______. | Eliminate waste products |
| Fetal circulation occurs via: | The umbilical cord |
| The umbilical cord consists of these vessels: | One large umbilical vein and two similar umbilical arteries. |
| Only _______, not _________ travel from mother to fetus. | Nutrients; blood |
| Several modifications of fetal circulation | Umbilical veins and arteries, ductus venosus, foramen ovale, ductus arteriosus |
| Function of umbilical vein | Carry oxygenated blood from placenta to fetus |
| Function of umbilical artery | Carry deoxygenated blood and waste products to placenta |
| Where do the unbilical arteries originate? | Right/left common iliac arteries of fetus |
| Function of ductus venosus (umbilical circulation) | Connects umbilical vein to IVC (allows oxygenated blood to be carried toward the right atrium of fetal heart) |
| Function of foramen ovale (umbilical circulation) | Opening within interatrial septum which allows blood to flow from right to left atrium thereby bypassing fatal lungs |
| Function of ductus arteriosus (umbilical circulation) | Allows blood to flow from the pulmonary artery into the aorta thereby bypassing the fetal lungs |
| What can cause premature closing of the ductus arteriosus? | Drugs such as aspirin and indomethacin |
| What is the result of a failure of the ductus arteriosus to close after birth? | Patent (open, free-flowing) ductus arteriosus creating a left-to-right shunt |
| Pulse - Pressure _________ traveling through the _____________ with each beat of the heart due to an _____________ and recoiling of _________. | Wave; arteries; alternating expansion; arteries |
| Taking a pulse provides info on: | HR, regularity/strength of heart beat, occlusion or blockage of artery |
Created by:
CBaney
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