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Schwartz AP Gov 12
The Judiciary
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| appellate jurisdiction | a federal appeals court |
| attorney general | the head of the Department of Justice in the presidential Cabinet |
| binding precedent | when a US district court receives a case that parallels an already decided case from the circuit level, the district court is obliged to rule in the same way |
| class action suit | a large group of plaintiffs claiming common damage by one party |
| dissenting opinion | the written opinion of those who voted against a majority in a Supreme Court decision |
| defendant | the party in the court case answering the action |
| injunction | a court order to the losing party in a civil suit, making them act or refrain from acting to redress a wrong |
| judicial activism | when judges "act" to create the law |
| judicial restraint | the idea that the court should not decide a dispute unless there is concrete injury to be relieved by the decision; justices should declare laws unconstitutional as infrequently as possible |
| litmus test | the quick determination of a possible Supreme Court justice appointee's political philosophy |
| John Marshall | Supreme Court Chief Justice from 1801-1835 |
| original jurisdiction | the court a case originates in |
| plaintiff | the party initiating the action in the court case |
| plea bargain | the government and the defendant bargain for a lesser sentence in exchange for a guilty plea |
| precedent | a ruling that firmly establishes some legal principle |
| respondent | the one who responds about how a lower court ruled |
| William Rehnquist | Supreme Court Chief Justice from 1986 until his death in 2005 |
| John Roberts | current Chief Justice of the Supreme Court |
| rule of four | if four of the nine Supreme Court justices agree to accept a case, the appeal is granted |
| senatorial courtesy | the home state senators being offered the opportunity to recommend judges when there is an opening |
| strict constructionist | interprets the Constitution based on a literal or narrow definition of the language of the Constitution without taking into account changes since its ratification |
| torts | civil wrongs that have damaged citizens |
| US Circuit of Appeals | the middle tier of the three-level federal court system |
| US District Courts | the lowest tier of the three-level federal court system |
| Earl Warren | Supreme Court Chief Justice from 1953-1968 |
| writ of certiorari | the Supreme Court decision to request a full transcript from a lower court to consider a case |
| constitutional courts | the three types of federal courts |
| petitioner | one who appeals a case to an appellate court |
| certiorari | "to make more certain"; the basis for an appeal |
Created by:
schwarms1
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