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Anatomy/Phys
Chapter 1
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Biology | study of life |
Living things perform: | responsivenessGrowthreproduction movement metabolism |
Anatomy | structure |
Physiology | function |
Gross Anatomy | macroscopic ; visible w/ unaided eye |
Surface Anatomy | general form and superficial markings |
Regional Anatomy | considers all superficial and internal features in specific region of body |
Systemic Anatomy | structures of major organs |
Microscopic Anatomy | structures that cannot be seen without magnification |
Cytology | analyzes the internal structure of individual cells |
Histology | examines tissues ,groups of specialized cells and cell products that work together to perform specific function |
Organs | tissues form to make these |
Human Physiology | study of the functions of the human body |
Cell physiology | study of functions of living cells |
Special Physiology | study of physiology of specific organs |
Systemic Physiology | considers all aspects of the function of specific organ systems |
Pathological Physiology or pathology | study of effects of diseaseson organ or system functions |
Level of Organization | Chemical (molecular)CellularTissueOrgan Organ systemOrganism |
Homeostasis | existence of stable internal enviroment |
Homostatic regulation | adjustments in physiological systems that preserve homeostasis |
Receptor | sensitive to a particular enviroment change or stimulus |
Control Center | integration center recieves and processes info from receptor |
Effector | responds to commands of the control center and whose activity opposes and reinforces the stimulus |
Negative Feedback | variation outside normal limits triggers an automatic response that corrects the situation |
Positive Feedback | initial stimulus produces a response that reinforces that stimulus |
Disease | When homeostasis regulation fails, organ systems begin to malfunction and the individual experiences the symptoms of illness |
Anatomical Position | feet together hands at sides with palms forward |
Supine | face down |
Prone | Face down |
Anterior | front |
Ventral | belly side |
Posterior | back |
Dorsal | back |
Cranial | Head |
superior | above;higher level |
Caudal | tail |
inferior | Below;lowest level |
medial | toward body |
Lateral | away from body |
proximal | toward attached base |
distal | away from attached base |
superficial | close to body surface |
deep | farther from body surface |
Sagittal | right/ left sides |
Mid sagittal | half right/left sides |
Frontal/ coronal | anterior/posterior sides |
Transverse Horizontal | superior/inferior portions |
Ventral Cavity | (coelem) stomach side true body cavity; respitory, cardiovascular, digestive, urinary, reproductive |
Diaphragm | seperarates thoracic and abdominalpelvic cavities |
Visecera | internal organs |
Serous Membrane | lines internal organs |
Pericardial Cavity | "balloon" around heart |
Pericardium | serous membrane around heart |
visceral pericardium | layer covering heart |
parietal pericardium | opposing surface of viceral pericardium |
Mediastrum | pericardium lies within |
Pleural Cavity | surronds lung |
Pleura | serous membrane around lungs |
Abdominal Cavity | liver, stomach, spleen, small and most of large intestine |
Pelvic Cavity | distal portion of large intestine,urinary bladder, various reporductive organs |
Peritoneal cavity | chamber lined by serous membrane known of peritoneum |
Dorsal Cavity | posterior cranial and spinal cavities |
Ventral Cavity | Thoracic ( pericardial and 2 pleura) and Abdominal Pelvic |