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Schwartz AP Gov 11
The Bureaucracy
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| appropriations | distribution of funds |
| authorization of spending | the maximum amount the agency can give on a certain program |
| Civil Service Commission | oversees the process of the merit system and prevented officers from requiring federal employees to contribute to political campaigns |
| Civil Service Reform Act (1978) | altered how a bureaucrat is dismissed, limited preferences for veterans, and put upper-level appointments back into the president's hands |
| committee clearance | congressional committees securing the authority to review and approve certain agency actions in advance |
| competitive service | jobs that require some type of exam or competitive hiring process |
| discretionary authority | an agency's ability to take or not take, courses of action |
| excepted service | hiring options when the competitive service is not practical |
| Federal Trade Commission | created to prevent overly powerful corporations from engaging in unfair business practices |
| Freedom of Information Act (1966) | gives the public the right to request access to records or information |
| government corporation | a hybrid of a government agency and a private company |
| Hatch Act (1939) | prohibited federal workers from becoming directly involved in federal political campaigns |
| INS v Chadha (1983) | Supreme Court declared the legislative veto unconstitutional |
| issue networks | committee staffers, academics, think tanks, advocates and members of the media |
| merit system | included competitive, written exams for many job applicants in civil service |
| National Performance Review (NPR) | Clinton organized to assess the federal bureaucracy, identify problems and offer solutions and ideas for government savings |
| Office of Personal Management (OPM) | runs the merit system, promotes the ideals of public service and finds the best people for federal jobs |
| patronage | rewarding loyal party leaders with federal jobs |
| Pendleton Civil Service Act (1883) | Congress passed to prevent the constant reward to loyal party members |
| red tape | the vast amount of paperwork, procedures, forms and formal steps citizens must take to accomplish a government mandated task |
| Senior Executive Service | placed more emphasis on a bureaucrat's skills and experiences than on the job |
| spoils system | appointing officials based on their efforts to help elect the presidents with an expectation of loyalty after the appointment |
| Sunshine Act (1976) | requires most federal agencies to hold their meetings in publicly accessible places |
| Whistleblower Protection Act (1989) | prohibits a federal agency from retaliating against an employee or applicant for disclosing acts that he or she believes are illegal or dishonest |
| legislative veto | Congress established to control agencies by making them wait 30-90 days for certain decisions |
Created by:
schwarms1
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