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Muscular System Famy
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Muscle Cells | Muscle Fibers |
| Buttocks | Gluteus Maximus |
| Chest Muscle | Pectoral Muscle |
| The 3 types of Muscle | Skeletal, Cardiac, and Smooth |
| Location of Skeletal Muscle | Attached to bones, but some facial muscles to the skin |
| Skeletal Muscle Appearance | Single, very long, cylindrical, multi-nucleated cells with very obvious striations |
| Location of Cardiac Muscle | Walls of the heart |
| Cardiac Muscle Appearance | Branching Chains of cells, one nucleus a cell, striated, they have intercalated discs |
| Location of Smooth Muscle | Mostly in walls of hollow visceral organs (other than the heart) |
| Smooth Muscle Appearance | Single, tapered at both end, one nucleus a cell, no striations |
| Another name for Skeletal Muscle | Striated Muscle |
| Occipitofrontalis | Raises the Eyebrows |
| Orbicularis oculi | Closes the eyelids |
| Orbicularis oris | Puckers the lips |
| Buccinator | Flattens the cheeks |
| Zygomaticus | Smiling Muscles |
| Levator labii superioris | Sneering |
| Depressor anguli oris | Frowning |
| Mastication | Chewing |
| How many pairs of mastication muscles? | 4 |
| How many pairs of Pterygoids? | 2 |
| Where is your temporalis? | on the side of head where temples reside |
| Where is your masseter? | on the bottom side corner of the jaw |
| Intrinsic Tongue Muscles | Change the shape of the tongue |
| Extrinsic Tongue Muscles | Move the tongue |
| Sternocleidomastoid | Lateral neck muscle and prime mover |
| Platysma | Sheet like muscle covering the anterolateral neck |
| Contractility | Ability of skeletal muscle to shorten with force |
| Excitability | The capacity of the muscle to respond to a stimulus |
| Extensibility | The ability to be stretched |
| Elasticity | The ability to recoil back to original resting length after being stretched |
| Epimysium | Surrounds each skeletal muscle, connective tissue sheath |
| Fascia | Located outside the epimysium, connective tissue sheath, surrounds and separates muscles |
| Fasciculi | (Fascicle) one of numerous visible bundles that the muscle is composed of |
| Perimysium | surrounds the muscle fascicle |
| Endomysium | what muscle fibers are surrounded by |
| Myofibrils | threadlike structure extending from one end of muscle cell(fiber) to another |
| Actin and Myosin | the 2 major proteins that myofibrils consist of |
| Actin | Thin Myofilaments |
| Myosin | Thick Myofilaments |
| Sarcomeres | Highly ordered units formed by Actin and Myosin |
| Sarcomere | Basic structural and functional unity of the muscle |
| Positively Charged | Outside of most cell membranes |
| Negatively Charged | Inside of most cell membranes |
| Resting Membrane Potential | The charge difference across the cell membrane |
| Action Potential | Brief reversal back of the muscles charge |
| Motor Neurons | Nerve cells that carry action potentials to skeletal muscle fibers |
| Axons | Enter the muscle and branch |
| Neuromuscular Junction | Formed by each branch connecting to the muscle, formed near center of cell |
| Synapse | Neuromuscular Junction |
| Motor Unit | Single motor neuron and all skeletal muscle fibers it innervates |
| Many motor units form a | Single muscle |
| How is a neuromuscular junction formed | By an enlarged nerve terminal resting in an indentation of the muscle cell membrane |
| Presynaptic Terminal | The enlarged nerve terminal |
| Synaptic Cleft | Space between the presynaptic terminal and the muscle cell |
| Postsynaptic Terminal | Muscle cell in a neuromuscular junction |
| Synaptic Vesicles | Contained in each presynaptic terminal, these things secrets a neurotransmitter called Acetylcholine |
| Acetylcholine | A neurotransmitter secreted by synaptic vesicles |
| Actions of Acetylcholine | Diffuses across the synaptic cleft and binds to the postsynaptic terminal causing a change in the postsynaptic cell |
| Acetylcholinesterase | Breaks down Acetylcholine |
| Occurs when Actin and Myosin slide past each other | Muscle Contractions |
| Sarcomeres shorten during | Muscle contractions |
| Sliding Filament Mechanism | The sliding of Actin and Myosin past each other during contraction |
| Which bands shorten during contraction | The H and I bands |
| What bands stay the same during contraction | The A band |
| Muscle Twitch | Contraction of entire muscle in response to a stimulus that causes the action potential in one or more muscle fibers |
| Threshold | The point a muscle fiber has to reach or it will not react to a stimulus |
| All-or-none response | the process involving the threshold |
| Lag Phase | Time between application of the stimulus to a motor neuron and the beginning of a contraction |
| Contraction Phase | The time of contraction |
| Relaxation Phase | The time during which the muscle relaxes |
| Tetany | Where the muscles remain contracted without relaxing |
| Recruitment | The increase in the number of motor units being activated |
| Isometric | Length of muscle does not change, but the amount of tension increases during the contraction process |
| Isotonic | The amount of tension produced by the muscle is constant during contraction, but the length of the muscle changes |
Created by:
joshuacline
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