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chapter 6 muscles
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| contractility | shorten with force |
| excitability | respond to a stimulus |
| extensibility | ability to be stretched |
| elasticity | recoil back to resting length |
| fascia | located outside of the epimysium |
| epimysium | connective tissue sheath that covers the skeletal muscle |
| fascicle/fasciculi | numerous bundle of muscles |
| perimysium | loose connective tissue that surrounds the fascicle |
| fibers (muscles fibers) | single muscle cell |
| myofibrils | thread-like structure that expands from one end of the fiber to the other |
| endomysium | each fiber in a connective tissue |
| actin myofilaments | thin myofilaments |
| myosin myofilaments | thick myofilaments |
| sarcomeres | units the make up actin and myosin myofilaments |
| myofibrils | actin myofilaments and myosin myofilaments |
| sarcomere | basic structural |
| resting membrane potential | charge distance across the membrane |
| action potential | brief reversal back of the charge |
| motor neurons | nerve cells that carry action potential to skeletal muscle fibers |
| neuromusclular junction/synapse | each branch that connects the muscle forms |
| motor unit | a single motor neuron and all muscle fibers it inntervates |
| neuromusclular junction | is formed by an enlarged nerve terminal |
| presynaptic terminal | the enlarged never terminal |
| syaptic cleft | the space between the presynaptic terminal and the muscle cell |
| postsynsaptic terminal | muscle fiber |
| synaptic vesicles | presynaptic terminal that secretes neurotransmitter |
| acetylcholine | neurotransmitter |
| acetylcholinesterase | the acetylcholine released is rapidly broken down by enzymes |
| sliding filament mechanism | sliding of actin past myosin myofilaments during contration |
| muscle twitch | contraction of an entire muscle in response to a stimulus in the muscles |
| threshold | a muscle fiber will not respond to stimulus until it reaches a level |
| all-or-none response | the phenomenon |
| lag phase | time between the application of a stimulus and the beginning of an contraction |
| contraction phase | time on contraction |
| relexation phase | time which muscles are relexed |
| tetany | where the muscle stay contracted without relexing |
| recruitment | an increase of motor units being activated |
| ATP | is needed for energy for muscle contraction |
| ADP | more stable than ATP and has phosphate |
| anaerobic respiration | without oxygen |
| aerobic respiration | with oxygen (more efficient) |
| oxygen debt | amount of oxygen needed in chemical reactions to convert lactic acid to glucose and to replenish the depleted stores of creatine phosphate stores in muscle cells |
| muscle fatigue | results when ATP is used during muscle contraction faster than it can be produced in the muscle cells |
| isometric | equal distance |
| isotonic | equal tension |
| muscle tone | contrast tension |
| fast twitch fibers | contract quickly and fatigue quickly |
| slow twitch fibers | contract more slowly and are more resistant |
| origin | most stationary end of the muscle |
| insertion | greatest movement of the muscle |
| belly | portion between the head and insertion |
| synergists | muscles that work together |
| antagonists | muscles in opposition to one another |
| prime mover | in the synergists, where one muscles plays a major role |
| occipitofrontalis | rasises the eyebrows |
| orbicularis oculi | closes the eyelids |
| orbicularis oris | puckers the lips |
| buccinator | flattens cheeks |
| zygomaticus | smiling muscle |
| leavator labii superioris | sneering |
| depressor anguli oris | frowning |
| mastication | chewing |
Created by:
JustinA19
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