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Chapter 15 Vocab
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Common Law | a system of law based on precedent and customs |
| Precedent | a ruling that is used as the basis for a judicial decision in a later, similar case. |
| Statute | a law written by a legislative branch |
| Plaintiff | a person or party filing a lawsuit |
| Defendant | an individual or group being sued or charged with a crime |
| Felony | a serious crime such as murder, rape, kidnapping, or robbery |
| Misdemanor | a relatively minor offense such as vandalism or stealing inexpensive items |
| Larceny | the unlawful taking away of another person's property with the intent to never return it |
| Robbery | the taking of property from a person's possession by using force or threats |
| Burglary | unlawful entry into a dwelling or structure |
| Lawsuit | a legal action started by one person against another based on a complaint that the person failed to perform a legal duty |
| Tort | wrongful acts in which an injured party has the right to sue |
| Libel | written untruths that are harmful to someone's reputation |
| Constitutional Law | branch of law dealing with formation, construction, and interpretation of constitutions |
| Stare Decisis | the practice of using earlier judicial rulings as a basis for deciding cases |
| Writ of Hebeas Corpus | a court order that requires a police to bring a prisoner to court to explain why they are holding the person |
| Bill of attainder | a law that punishes a person accused of a crime without a trial or a fair hearing in court |
| Ex post facto law | a law that would allow a person to be punished for an action that was not against the law when it was committed |
| Due process of law | procedures established by law and guaranteed by the constitution |
| Search Warrant | a court order allowing law enforcement to search a suspect's home or business and take specific items as evidence |
| Double Jeopardy | putting someone on trial for a crime he or she was previously acquitted |
| Grand Jury | a group of citizens that decides whether there is sufficient evidence to accuse someone of a crime |
| Plea Bargain | negotiation between the defense attorney and the prosecutor |
| Bail | A sum of money used as a security deposit to ensure that an accused person returns for his or her trial |
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