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Digest. Sys. Patho.
MBC 100 The Language of Medicine, Ch. 5
Term | Definition |
---|---|
achalasia | Failure of the lower esophageal sphincter muscle (LES) to relax. |
anal fistula | Abnormal tube-like passageway near the anus. |
anorexia | Lack of appetite. |
aphthous stomatitis | Inflammation of the mouth with small ulcers; canker sores. |
Ascites | Abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdomen. |
borboygmi | Rumbling or gurgling noise produced by hyperactive movement of gas, fluid, or both in the gastrointestinal tract. |
cholelithiasis | Gallstones in the gallbladder. |
chirrhosis | Chronic degenerative disease of the liver. |
colonic polyps | Benign growths protrude from the mucous membrane of the colon. |
colorectal cancer | Adenocarcinoma of the colon or the rectum or both. |
constipation | Diffuculty in passing (eliminating) feces (stool). |
Crohn disease | Chronic inflammation of the intestinal tract. |
dental caries | Tooth decay. |
diarrhea | Frequent passage of loose, watery stools. |
diverticula | Small, pouch-like herniations through the muscular wall of a tubular organ such as the colon. |
diverticulosis | Abnormal outpouchings (diverticula) in the intestinal wall of the colon. |
dysentery | Painful, inflamed intestines commonly cause by bacterial infection. |
dysphagia | Difficulty in swallowing. |
eructation | Gas expelled from the stomach through the mouth. |
esophageal cancer | Malignant tumor of the esophagus |
esophageal varices | Swollen, twisted veins at the lower end of the esophagus. |
etiology | Study of the cause of disease. |
flatus | Gas expelled through the anus. |
gastric cancer | Malignant tumor of the stomach. |
gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) | Solids and fluids return to the mouth from the stomach. |
hematochezia | Passage of bright red blood from the rectum. |
hemorrhoids | Swollen, twisted veins in the rectal and anal region. |
hepatocellular carcinoma | Tumor of the liver |
herpetic stomatitis | Inflammation of the mouth caused by infection with the herpes virus. |
hiatal hernia | Protrusion of the upper portion of the stomach upward through the diaphragm. |
icterus | Jaundice; yellow-orange coloration of the skin and whites of the eyes caused by high levels of bilirubin in the blood. |
idiopathic | Pertaining to unknown cause of disease. |
ileus | Loss of peristalsis with resulting obstruction of the intesines. |
inflammatory bowel disease | Inflammation of the colon and small intestine. |
inguinal hernia | A small loop of the bowel protrudes through a weakened lower abdominal muscle. |
intussusception | Telescoping of the intestines. |
irritable bowel syndrome | Group of gastrointestinal symptoms (abdominal pain, diarrhea, constipation, and bloating), but without abnormalities in the intestines. |
jaundice | Yellow-orange coloration of the skin and whites of the eyes caused by high levels of bilirubin in the blood. |
lipoma | Benign tumor of fatty tissue. |
melena | Black, tarry stools; feces containing blood. |
nausea | Unpleasant sensation in the stomach with a tendency to vomit. |
oral leukoplakia | White plaques or patches on the mucous membranes of the mouth. |
pancreatic cancer | Malignant tumor of the pancreas. |
pancreatitis | Inflammation of the pancreas. |
peptic ulcer | Open sore in the lining of the stomach or duodenum. |
periodontal disease | Inflammation and degeneration of gums, teeth, and surrounding bone. |
pyorrhea | Discharge of pus from the gums. |
ulcerative colitis | Chronic inflammation of the colon with presence of ulcers. |
viral hepatitis | Inflammation of the liver caused by a virus. |
volvulus | Twisting of the intestine on itself. |