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Unit 3: 8th Grade
Confederation to Constitution
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| THE BILL OF RIGHTS | THE FIRST 10 AMENDMENTS. ESTABLISH THE RIGHTS GUARANTEED TO EACH CITIZEN, SUCH AS FREEDOM OF SPEECH, THE PRESS, RELIGION, TRIAL BY JURY....... |
| THREE FIFTHS COMPROMISE | COMPROMISE WHERE SLAVES WOULD BE COUNTED AS 3/5 OF A PERSON FOR A STATE'S REPRESENTATION IN CONGRESS |
| CONSTITUTIONAL REPUBLIC | ELECTED REPRESENTATIVES MAKE THE LAWS AND GOVERN ACCORDING TO THE CONSTITUTION-A DOCUMENT THAT EXPLAINS THE PRINCIPLES/RULES OF THE GOVERNMENT |
| ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION | 1ST PLAN OF GOVERNMENT OF U.S. EACH STATE HAD A VOTE, BUT COULD NOT TAX. (JUST A LOOSE LEAGUE OF STATES) |
| ANTI FEDERALIST | PERSON WHO SUPPORTED STRONG STATE GOV'T. A PERSON AGAINST THE CONSTITUTION. |
| SEPARATION OF POWERS | EACH BRANCH OF GOVERNMENT HAS SPECIFIC & SEPARATE DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES |
| CHECK AND BALANCES | SYSTEM OF U.S. GOV'T THAT KEEPS ONE BRANCH FROM BEING MORE POWERFUL THAN THE OTHERS |
| THE GREAT COMPROMISE | COMPROMISE OF BOTH NEW JERSEY PLAN: EACH STATE HAS 2 SENATORS. VIRGINIA PLAN : HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVE IS BASED ON A STATE'S POPULATION |
| FEDERALISTS | BELIEVE IN STRONG CENTRAL GOVERNMENT. A PERSON IN FAVOR OF THE CONSTITUTION |
| FEDERALIST PAPERS | NEWSPAPER ARTICLES WRITTEN BY HAMILTON & MADISON SUPPORTING THE CONSTITUTION |
| DEMOCRACY | TYPE OF GOVERNMENT IN WHICH THE "PEOPLE RULE" |
| FEDERALISM | SHARING OF POWER BETWEEN FEDERAL AND STATE GOVERNMENT. |
| LEGISLATIVE BRANCH | THE BRANCH OF GOVERNMENT THAT MAKES THE LAWS |
| JUDICIAL BRANCH | THE BRANCH OF GOVERNMENT THAT INTERPRETS THE LAWS |
| EXECUTIVE BRANCH | THE BRANCH OF GOVERNMENT THAT ENFORCES THE LAWS |
| RATIFICATION | TO APPROVE FORMALLY; AMENDMENTS MUST BE RATIFIED BEFORE COMING PART OF THE U.S. CONSTITUTION |
| GEORGE MASON | WROTE VIRGINIA BILL OF RIGHTS (EXAMPLE FOR U.S. BILL OF RIGHT); HE WAS AN ANTI-FEDERALIST |
| NATURALIZED CITIZEN | A PERSON BORN IN ANOTHER COUNTRY, BUT HAS LAWFULLY BECOME A CITIZEN |
| POPULAR SOVEREIGNTY | THE IDEA THAT GOVT. RECEIVED ITS AUTHORITY FROM THE PEOPLE (EX. "WE THE PEOPLE" & CONSENT OF THE GOVERNED") |
| 1787 | THE CONSTITUTION IS WRITTEN AND RATIFIED (APPROVED) |
| JAMES MADISON | "FATHER OF THE CONSTITUTION" B/C TOOK NOTES; WROTE FEDERALIST PAPERS SUPPORTING CONSITUTION |
| IMPEACH | TO FORMALLY ACCUSE AN OFFICIAL OF A CRIME RELATED TO GOVERNMENTAL DUTIES |
| DUE PROCESS | RULES THAT PROTECT THE RIGHTS OF THE ACCUSED |
| AMENDMENT | ANY CHANGES MADE TO THE CONSTITUTION. |
| UNALIENABLE RIGHT | A RIGHT THAT CAN NOT BE SURRENDER OR TAKEN AWAY |
| REPUBLICANISM | VOTERS HOLD THE SOVEREIGN POWER AND ELECT REPRESENTATIVES TO EXERCISE POWER FOR THEM |
| LIMITED GOVERNEMENT | POWERS OF GOVERNMENT ARE RESTRICTED BY THE CONSTITUTION |
| FEDERALISM | IN THIS GOVERNMENT SYSTEM POWER IS DIVIDED BETWEEN NATIONAL AND STATE GOVERNMENT |
| POPULAR SOVEREIGNTY | PEOPLE ARE THE SOURCE OF THE GOVERNMENT'S POWER. |
| INDIVIDUAL RIGHTS | BASIC LIBERTIES AND RIGHTS OF ALL CITIZENS ARE GUARANTEED IN THE BILL OF RIGHTS |
| NEW JERSEY PLAN | HOUSE LEGISLATURE; BASED ON EQUAL REPRESENTATIVE FOR ALL STATES |
| WILLIAM PATTERSON | PROPOSED THE NEW JERSEY PLAN |
| SMALL STATES | WHAT STATES SUPPORTED THE NEW JERSEY PLAN? |
| THE GREAT COMPROMISE | IT COMBINED THE VIRGINIA PLAN AND THE NEW JERSEY PLAN; IT HAD 2 HOUSE LEGISLATURE; HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVE AND SENATE |
| ROGER SHERMAN | WHO PROPOSED THE GREAT COMPROMISE? |
| 3/5 TH COMPROMISE | COUNT EACH ENSLAVED PERSON AS 3/5 OF FREE PERSON FOR BOTH TAXATION AND REPRESENTATION. |
| THE COMPROMSIE | CONGRESS COULD NOT INTERFERE WITH THE SLAVE TRADE UNTIL 1808 |
| WHERE AND WHEN DID THE CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION TOOK PLACE? | MAY 1787 IN PHILADELPHIA. |
| ENGLISH BILL OF RIGHTS | THE ENGLISH BILL OF RIGHTS GAVE SOLE AUTHORITY TO A REPRESENTATIVE GOVERNMENT , BEGAN JUDICIAL BRANCH AND SET UP A BILL OF RIGHTS FOR CITIZEN |
| HISTORICAL DOCUMENTS THAT INFLUENCED THE AMERICAN SYSTEM OF GOVERNMENT | MAGNA CARTA, ENGLISH BILL OF RIGHTS, MAYFLOWER COMPACT, DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE, FEDERALIST PAPERS & ANTI FEDERALIST WRITINGS. |
| 3RD AMENDMENT | IT PUTS AN END TO BEING FORCED TO QUARTER SOLDIERS |
| 4TH AMENDMENT | THAT RIGHTS OF PEOPLE TO BE SECURE IN THEIR PERSONS, HOUSES PAPERS AND EFFECTS AGAINST UNREASONABLE SEARCHES AND SEIZURES. |
| 5TH AMENDMENT | IT PROTECTS PEOPLE WHO HAVE BEEN ACCUSED OF A CRIME |
| 6TH AMENDMENT | A BASIC PROTECTION IS THE RIGHT TO A SPEEDY, PUBLIC TRIAL WITH AN IMPARTIAL JURY. |
| 7TH AMENDMENT | THE RIGHT TO A JURY TRIAL IN CASES INVOLVING THE COMMON LAW. |
| 8TH AMENDMENT | IT PROTECTS AGAINST EXCESSIVE BAIL, FINES AND PUNISHMENT MUST NOT BE CRUEL OR UNREASONABLE. |
| PARDON | ORDERS FROM THE PRESIDENT THAT GRANT FREEDOM FROM PUNISHMENT |
| LEGISLATIVE | ARTICLE I OF THE CONSTITUTION ESTABLISHES THE STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF THIS BRANCH |
| CONCURRENT POWERS | POWERS SHARED BY BOTH STATE AND FEDERAL GOVERNMENTS ARE KNOWN AS THESE. |
| APPEAL COURTS | THIRTEEN OF THESE MAKE UP PART OF THE JUDICIAL BRANCH. |
| THURGOOD MARSHALL | HE WAS THE FIRST AFRICAN AMERICAN SUPREME COURT JUSTICE. |
| TWENTY-SECOND AMENDMENT | THIS AMENDMENT LIMITS PRESIDENTS TO ONLY TWO TERMS. |
| 1ST AMENDMENT | PROTECTS THE PEOPLE'S RIGHT TO PRACTICE RELIGION, TO SPEAK FREELY, TO ASSEMBLE (MEET), TO ADDRESS THE GOVERNMENT AND OF THE PRESS TO PUBLISH. |
| 2ND AMENDMENT | PROTECTS THE RIGHT TO OWN GUNS. |
| 9TH AMENDMENT | SIMPLY A STATEMENT THAT OTHER RIGHTS ASIDE FROM THOSE LISTED MAY EXITS, AND JUST BECAUSE THEY ARE NOT LISTED DOESN'T MEAN THEY CAN BE VIOLATED. |
| 10TH AMENDMENT | SAYS THAT ANY POWER NOT GRANTED TO THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT BELONGS TO THE STATE. |
| N.W.O 1787 | THIS CREATED A SYSTEM FOR BRINGING NEW STATES INTO THE UNION |
| LEGISLATURE | IN THE U.S. GOVERNMENT, THIS IS THE GROUP RESPONSIBLE FOR SUGGESTING AND PASSING LAWS. |
| INTERSTATE COMMERCE | THIS IS THE TRADE THAT TAKES PLACE BETWEEN ONE OR MORE STATES. |
| AMENDMENT | AN _____________ IS AN OFFICIAL CHANGE THAT CAN BE MADE TO THE CONSTITUTION |
| FEDERALISTS | _________ WERE THE GROUP OF PEOPLE WHO SUPPORTED THE CONSTITUTION. |
| DEPRESSION | A(N) ________________ IS A PERIOD OF LOW ECONOMIC ACTIVITY COMBINED WITH A RISE IN UNEMPLOYMENT. |
| EXECUTIVE | THE ___________ BRANCH INCLUDES THE PRESIDENT AND THE DEPARTMENTS THAT HELP RUN THE GOVERNMENT. |
| DANIEL SHAYS | LED HUNDREDS OF PEOPLE IN A FORCED SHUTDOWN OF THE SUPREME COURT IN MASSACHUSETTS. |
| DEBTORS | _______ ARE PEOPLE WHO OWE MONEY. |
| LIMITED GOVERNMENT | A SYSTEM IN WHICH GOVERNMENT HAS ONLY CERTAIN PWER AN CANNOT ACT BEYOND THE POWERS IT WAS SPECIFICALLY GIVEN |
| EXPORTS | GOOD SOLD TO FOREIGN COUNTRIES |
| COMPROMISE | AN AGREEMENT IN WHICH EACH SIDE MAKES CONCESSIONS TO THE OTHER SIDE TO RESOLVE THE DISPUTE |
| ARTICLE 1: ORGANIZATION OF THE US CONSTITUTION | DEFINE THE POWERS AND STRUCTURES OF THE LEGISLATIVE BRANCH (CONGRESS) |
| ARTICLE 2: ORGANIZATION OF THE US CONSTITUTION | CREATES THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH OF THE GOVERNMENT (U.S. PRESIDENT) |
| ARTICLE 3: ORGANIZATION OF THE US CONSTITUTION | ESTABLISHES THE JUDICIAL BRANCH OF THE GOVERNMENT (SUPREME COURT) |
| ARTICLE 4: ORGANIZATION OF THE US CONSTITUTION | OUTLINES THE OBLIGATIONS THE STATES TO EACH OTHER |
| ARTICLE 5: ORGANIZATION OF THE US CONSTITUTION | DESCRIBES THE PROCESS BY WHICH THE CONSTITUTION MAY BE ALTERED (AMENDMENTS) |
| ARTICLE 6: ORGANIZATION OF THE US CONSTITUTION | ESTABLISHES THAT THE US CONSTITUTION IS THE SUPREME LAW OF THE LAND |
| CONSITUTIONAL CONVENTION | A MEETING OF REPRESENTATIVES AT ANNAPOLIS IN 1786 CALLED FOR A CONVENTION OF DELEGATES TO REVISE THE ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION |
| GOVERNMENT | THE BODY GIVEN AUTHORITY TO CARRY OUT BINDING DECISIONS FOR A COMMUNITY |
| REPRESENTED DEMOCRACY | RULE BY POPULARLY ELECTED REPRESENTATIVES |
| PREAMBLE | INTRODUCTION TO THE CONSTITUTION |
| ELASTIC CLAUSE | PROVIDED CONGRESS WITH THE POWER TO ENACT ANY LAWS THEY DEEMED NECESSARY TO CARRY OUT ITS OTHER POWERS |
| EMINENT DOMAIN | REFERS TO THE POWER OF THE GOVERNMENT OVER PROPERTY IN ITS TERRITORY |
| INDICTMENT | A FORMAL ACCUSATION BY A COURT BEFOE A PERSON IS ARRESTED |
| GRAND JURY | A GROUP OF CITIZENS THAT MEET TO REIEW IF THERE IS ENOUGH EVIDENCE AVAILABLE TO HOLD A TRIAL |
| DOUBLE JEOPARDY | BEING TRIED TWICE FOR THE SAME CRIME |
| SELF-INCRIMINATION | AN ACCUSED PERSON CANNOT BE FORCED TO SAY THINGS THAT WILL BE USED AGAINST HIM OR HERSELF. |
| BAIL | MONEY AN ACCUSED PAYES TO A COURT AS SECURITY SO THAT HE OR SHE NEED NOT REMAIN IN JAIL WHILE AWAITING TRIAL |
| CITIZEN | A PARTICIPATING MEMBER OF A COMMUNITY |
| NATURALIZATION | A LEGAL PROCESS BY WHICH SOMEONE FROM ANOTHER COUNTRY IS MADE INTO A U.S. CITIZEN |
| CIVIC VIRTUE | DOING WHAT IS RIGHT FOR THE COMMUNITY |
| 14TH AMENDMENT | STATES THE REQUIREMENTS FOR CITIZENSHIP |
| REPUBLICANISM | A DEMOCRATIC GOVERNMENT CHOSEN BY THE PEOPLE |
| 15TH AMENDMENT | RIGHT TO VOTE CANNOT BE DENIED BASED ON RACE, COLOR OR PREVIOUS CONDITION OF SERVITUDE |
| 19TH AMENDMENT | RIGHT TO VOTE CANNOT BE DENIED BASED ON SEX |
| 13TH AMENDMENT | OUTLAWED SLAVERY |
| 26TH AMENDMENT | GRANTED THE RIGHT TO VOTE FOR THOSE 18 YEARS OF AGE AND OLDER |
| FEDERAL LAWS | LAWS THAT APPLY TO THE ENTIRE COUTRY |
| BICAMERAL | A SYSTEM OF GOVERNMENT IN WHICH THE LEGISLATURE COMPRISES TWO HOUSES |
| RECESSION | AN ECONOMIC DOWNTURN |
| VIRGINIA PLAN | A PLAN PROPOSED AT THE CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION; GAVE POWER TO THE NATIONAL GOVERNMENT, BICAMERAL LEGISLATURE, NUMBER IN BOTH HOUSES BASED ON POPULATION |
| JUDICIAL REVIEW | THE SUPREME COURT'S POWER TO DECLARE ACTS OF CONGRESS UNCONSTITUTIONAL |
| ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION STRENGTHS | SIGNED A TREATY OF ALLIANCE WITH FRANCE IN 1778, SUCCESSFULLY WAGED WAR FOR INDEPENDENCE AGAINST BRITAIN, NEGOTIATED TREATED OF PARIS 1783, NORTHWEST ORDINANCE |
| ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION WEAKNESSES | CONGRESS HAD NO POWER TO COIN MONEY, UNABLE TO REGULATE INTERSTATE TRADE, UNABLE TO IMPOSE TAXES, NO NATIONAL COURT SYSTEM |
| JOHN HANCOCK AND PATRICK HENRY | PROMINENT ANTI-FEDERALIST |
| JAMES MADISON, ALEXANDER HAMILTON, AND JOHN JAY | PROMINENT FEDERALIST |
| VETO | TO REFUSE TO SIGN A BILL PASSED BY CONGRESS |
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